Prophetic Books (Tiriel, Thel, Visions of the Daughters of Albion, America, Europe, Urizen, Song of Los, Ahania, Los, The Four Zoas selections)

‘ I bring forth from my teeming bosom myriads of flames, And thou dost stamp them with a signet ; then they roam abrciad, Ah ! I am drown’d in shady woe and visionary joy. * And who shall bind the Infinite with an eternal band To compass it with swaddling bands? and who shall cherish it With|,milk and honey? 30 I see it smile, and I roll inward, and my voice is pastt’ She ceas'd, and roll'd her shady clouds Into the secret place. The deep of winter came. What time the Secret Child Descended through the orient gates of the Eternal day : IVar ceas'd, and all the troops like shadows fled to their abodes. Like pearly clouds they meet together in the crystal house ; And Los, possessor of the Moon, joy’d in the peaceful night. Thus speaking, while his num’rous sons shook their bright fiery wings ‘ Again the night is come, That strong Urthona takes his rest ; ,10 And Urizen, unloos’d from chains. Glows like a meteor in the distant North. Stretch forth your hands and strike the elemental strings ! Awake the thunders of the deep ! ‘The shrill winds wake, 15 Till all the sons of Urizen look out and envy Los.

Seize all the spirits of life, and bind Their warbling joys to our loud strings ! Bind all the nourishing sweets of earth To give us bliss, that we may drink the sparkling wine of Los ! 20 And let us laugh at war. Despising toil and care, Because the days and nights of joy in lucky hours renew. ‘Arise, O Ore, from thy deep den ! First-born of Enitharmon, rise ! And we will crown thy head with garlands of the ruddy vine ; For now thou art bound, And I may see thee in the hour of bliss, my eldest-born/ The horrent Demon rose, surrounded with red stars of fire. Then Enitharmon down descended into his red light, And thus her voice rose to her children : the distant heavens reply : — ‘ Now comes the night of Enitharmon’s joy ! Who shall I call ? Who shall I send. That Woman, lovely Woman, may have dominion ? 35 Arise, O Rintrah ! thee I call, and Palamabron, thee ! Go ! tell the Human race that Woman’s love is Sin ; That an Eternal life awaits the worms of sixty winters. In an allegorical abode, where existence hath never come.

Spread nets in every secret path. ‘ My weary eyelids draw towards the evening ; my bliss is yet but new. ^ Arise ! O Rintrah, eldest-born, second to none but Ore ! O lion Rintrah, raise ihy fury from thy forests black I Bring Palamabron, hornM priest, skipping upon the mountains, Rintrah, where hast thou hid thy bride ? Weeps she in desert shades ? Alas ! my Rintrah, bring the lovely jealous Ocalythron. ‘ Arise, my son ! bring all thy brethren, O thou King of Fire ! 50 Prince of the Sun ! I see thee with thy innumerable race. Thick as the summer stars ; But each, ramping, his golden mane shakes, And thine eyes rejoice because of strength, O Rintrah, furious King ! * Eighteen hundred years, Man was a dream, The jiight of Nature and their harps unstrung ! She slept in middle of her nightly song Eighteen hundred years, a Female dream. Divide the heavens of Europe; 'rill Albion’s Angel, smitten with his own plagues, fled with his bands. • The cloud bears hard on Albion’s shore, Fill’d with immortal Demons of futurity : The cloud bears hard upon the council- house, down rushing On the heads of Albion’s Angels.

One hour they lay buribd beneath the ruins of that hall ; In troubled mists, o’erclouded by the terrors of struggling times. In thoughts perturb’d they rose from the bright ruins, silent following The fiery King, who sought his ancient temple, serpent-forni’d, That stretches out its shady length along the Island white. Round him roll’d his clouds of war ; silent the Angel went There stand the venerable porches, that high-towering rear Their oak-surrounded pillars, form’d of massy stones, uncut With tool, stones precious ! — such eternal in the heavens, Of colours twelve (few known on earth) give light in the opaque. In deluge o’er the earth-born man, then turn’d the fluxile eyes Into two stationary orbs, concentrating all things : The ever-varying spiral ascents to the Heavens of Heavens Were bended downward, and the nostrils’ golden gates shut. Thought chang’d the Infinite to a Serpent, that which pitieth To a devouring flame ; and Man fled from its face and hid In forests of night : then all the eternal forests were divided Into earths, rolling in circles of Space, that like an ocean rush'd Then was tiie Serpent temple form’d, image of Infinite, Shut up in finite revolutions, and Man became an Angel,

Heaven a mighty circle turning, God a tyrant crown'd. Now arriv’d the ancient Guardian at the southern porch, 'rhat planted thick with trees of blackest leaf, and in a vale 95 Obscure enclos’d the Stone of Night ; oblique it stood, o’erhung With purple flowers and berries red, image of that sweet South, Once open to the heavens, and elevated on the human neck. Now overgrown with hair, and cover'd wi(h a stony roof. Downward 'tis sunk beneath th’ attractive North, that round the feet, 1 00 A raging whirlpool, draws the dizzy enquirer to his grave. Albion’s Angel rose upon the Stone of Night. He saw Urizen on the Atlantic ; And his brazen Book, Expanded from North to South. And the clouds and fires pale roll'd round in the night of Enitharmon, Round Albion's clifls and London’s walls : still Enitharmon slept. Rolling volumes of grey mist involve Churches, Palaces, Towers ; For Uiizen unclasp’d his Book, feeding his soul with pity. no The youth of England, hid in gloom, curse the pain'd heavens, compell’d Into the deadly night to see the form of Albion's Angel. Their parents brought them forth, and Aged Ignorance preaches, canting. On a vast rock, perceiv’d by those senses that are clos'd from thought

They saw his bony feet on the rock, the flesh consum’d in flames : They saw the Serpent temple lifted above, shadowing the Island white ; They, heard the voice of Albion’s Angel, howling in flames of Ore, Seeking the trump of the Last Doom. * Above the rest the howl was heard from Westminster, louder and louder: i3o 'J'he Guardian of the secret codes forsook his ancient mansion. Driven out by the flames of *Orc ; his furr’d robes and false locks Adhered and grew one with his flesh and nerves, and veins shot thro’ them. With dismal torment sick, hanging upon the wind, he fled Grovelling, along Great George Street, thro’ the Park gate : all the soldiers 125 Fled from his sight : he dragg’d his torments to the wilderness. Thus was the howl thro’ Europe ! For Ore rejoic’d to hear the howling shadows ; But Palamabron shot his lightnings, trenching down his w’ide back; And Rinlrah hung with all his legions in the nether deep. j.50 Enitharmon laugh’d in her sleep to sec (O woman’s triumph !) Every house a den, every man bound ; the shadows are fill’d "With spectres, and the windows wove qver with curses of iron : Over the doors ‘Thou shalt not’, and over the chimneys ‘ Fear’ is written :

^^'ith bands of iron round their necks fasten’d into the walls 135 The citizens, in leaden gyves the inhabitants of suburbs >Valk heavy ; soft and bent arc the bones of villagers. Between the clouds of Urizen the flames of Ore roll heavy Around the limbs of Albion’s Guardian, his flesh consuming : Howlings and hissings, shrieks and groans, and voices of despair The red-limb’d Angel seiz’d in horror and torment I'he trump of the Last Doom ; but he could not blow the iron tube ! Thrice he assay’d presumptuous to awalce the dead to Judgement. Nam’d Newton : he seiz’d the trump, and blow’d the enormous blast ! Yellow as leaves of autumn, the myriads of Angelic hosts Fell thro’ the wintry skies, seeking their graves. Rattling their hollow bones in howling and lamentation. And eighteen hundred years were fled As if they had not been. She call’d her sons and daughters To the sports of night And thus her song proceeds : — * Arise, Ethinthus ! tho* the earth-worn) call, I^t him call in vain, Till the night of holy shadows And human solitude is past ! iCo ^ Ethinthus, Queen of Waters, how thou shincst in the sky !

My daughter, how do I rejoice ! for thy children flock around, Like the gay fishes on the wave, when the cold moon drinks the dew. Ethinthus ! thou art sweet as comforts to my fainting soul. ‘ Manatha-Varcyon ! I behold thee flaming in my halls. Light of thy mother’s soul 1 I see thy lovely eagles round ; Thy golden wings are my delight, and thy flames of soft delusion. * AVhere is my luring bird of Eden ? Leutha, silent love ! Leutha, the many-colour’d bow delights upon thy wings ! 170 Soft soul of flowers, Leutha ! Sweet smiling Pestilence ! I see thy blushing light ; Thy daughters, many changing. Revolve like sweet perfumes ascending, O Leutha, Silken Queen ! ‘Where is the youthful Antamon, Prince of the Pearly Dew? 175 O Antamon ! why wilt thou leave thy mother Enitharmon ? Alone I see thee, crystal form, * Floating upon the bosom'd air, With lineaments of gratified desire. My Antamon ! the seven churches of Leutha seek thy Jove. iSo ‘ I hear the soft Oothoon in Enitharmon’s tents ; •Why wilt thou give up woman’s secrecy, my melancholy child ? Between two moments Bliss is ripe.

O Theotormon ! robb’d of joy, I see thy salt tears flow Down the steps of my crystal 4 iouse. 185 ‘Sotha and Thiralatha ] secret dwellers of dreamful caves. Arise and please the horrent Fiend with your melodious songs ; Still all your thunders, golden-hoof’d, and bind your horses black. Ore ! smile upon my children. Smile, son of my afflictions ! 190 Arise, O Ore, and give our mountains joy of thy red light ! She ceas’d ; for all were forth at sport beneath the solemn moon Waking the stars of Urizen with their immortal songs ; That Nature felt thro’ all her pores the enormous revelry. Then every one fled to his station, and Enitharmon wept. But terrible Ore, when he beheld the morning in the East, Shot from the heights of Enitharmon, And ill the vineyards of red France appear’d the light of his fury. The Sun glow’d fiery red ! 200 The furious Terrors flew around On golden chariots, raging with red wheels, dropping with blood ! The Lions lash their wrathful tails ! The Tigers couch upon the prey and suck the ruddy tide ; Then Los arose : his head he rear’d, in snaky thunders clad ;

And with a cry that shook all Nature to the utmost pole, Call’d all his sons to the strife of blood. Preludium to the First Book of Urizen Of the primeval Priest’s assum’d power, When Eternals spurn’d back his J^eligion, And gave him a place in the North, Obscure, shadowy, void, solitary. Eternals ! I hear your call gladly. 5 Dictate swift wingM words, and fear not To unfold your dark visions of torment. The Book of Urizen 1. Lo, a Shadow of horror is risen In Eternity ! unknown, unprolific, Self-clos'd, all-repelling. What Demon Hath form’d this abominable Void, This soul-shudd’ring Vacuum ? Some said It is Urizen. But unknown, abstracted, Brooding, secret, the dark Power hid. 2. Times on times he divided, and measur’d Space by space in his ninefold darkness, Unseen, unknown ; changes appear’d Ivikc desolate mountains, rifted furious By the black winds of perturbation. 3. For he strove in battles dire, In unseen conflictions with Shapes, Bred from his forsaken wilderness, Of beast, bird, fish, serpent, and ck incnt. Combustion, blast, vapour, and cloud. 4. Dark, revolving in silent activity. Unseen in tormenting passions, An Activity unknown and horrible, In enormous labours occupifed. 5. But Eternals beheld his vast forests ; x^ges on ages he lay, clos’d, unknown, Brooding, shut in the deep ; all avoid The petrific, abominable Chaos.

6. His cold horrors, silent, dark Urizen Prepar’d ; his ten thousands of thunders, Rang’d in gloom’d array, stretch out across The dread world ; and the rolling of wheels, As of swelling seas, sound in his clouds, The Book of Urizen In his hills of stor’d snows, in his mountains Of hail and ice ; voices of terror Are heard, like .thunders of autumn, When the cloud blazes over the harvests. 1. Earth was not, nor.globes of attraction ; The will of the Immortal expanded Or contracted his all-flexible senses ; Death was not, but Eternal life sprung. 2. The sound of a trumpet the heavens Awoke, and vast clouds of blood roll’d Round the dim rocks of Urizen, so nam’d That solitary one in Immensity. 3. Shrill the trumpet ! and myriads of Eternity Muster around the bleak deserts, Now fill’d with clouds, darkness, and waters, That roll’d perplex’d, lab’ring ; and utter’d Words articulate, bursting in thunders, That roll’d on the tops of his mountains : — 4. ‘From the depths of dark solitude, from The Eternal abode in my Holiness, Hidden, set apart, in my stern counsels. Reserv’d for the days of futurity, I have sought for a joy without pain,

For a solid without fluctuation. Why will you die, O Eternals ? Why live in unquenchable burnings ? 5. ‘ First I fought with the fire, consum’d Inwards into a deep w'orld within, A Void immense, wild, dark and deep. Where nothing was — Nature’s wide womb ; T'he Book of Urizen And self-balanc’d, stretch’d o’er the void, I alone, even I ! the winds merciless Bound ; but condensing in torrents They fall and fall j strong I repell’d The vast waves, and arose on the waters A wide World of solid obstruction. 6. ‘ Here alone I, in books form’d of metals. Have written the secrets of Wisdom, The secrets of dark Contemplation, By fightings and conflicts dire With terrible monsters sin-bred, Which the bosoms of all inhabit — Seven deadly Sins of the Soul. 7. ‘ IwO ! I unfold my darkness, and on This rock place, with strong hand, the Book Of Eternal brass, written in my solitude : 8. ‘ Laws of peace, of love, of unity, Of pity, compassion, forgiveness; Let each choose one habitation, His ancient infinite mansion, One command, one joy, one desire. One curse, one w'^ight, one measure, One King, one God, one Law.’

1. The voice ended: they saw his pale visage Emerge from the darkness, his hand On the rock of Eternity unclasping The Book of brass. Rage seiz’d the strong — 2. Rage, fury, intense indignation, In cataracts of fire, blood, and gall, In whirlwinds of sulphurous smoke. And enormous forms of energy, The Book of Urizen In living creations appear’d, In the flames of eternal fury. *3. Sund’ring, darkening, thund’ring, Rent away with a terrible crash. Eternity roll’d wide apart. Wide asunder rolling ; Mountainous, all around Departing, departing, departing, Leaving ruinous fragments of life, Hanging, frowning cliffs, and, all between, An Ocean of voidness unfathomable. 4. The roaring fires ran o’er the heav’ns In whirlwinds and cataracts of blood, And o*er the dark deserts of Urizen Fires pour thro’ the void, on all sides, On Urizen’s self-begotten armies. 5. But no light from the fires ! all w^as darkness In the flames of Eternal fury. 6. In fierce anguish and quenchless flames To the deserts and rocks he ran raging. To hide \ but he could not. Cqpibining, He dug mountains and hills in vast strength, He pilfed them in incessant labour, In bowlings and pangs and fierce madness, Long periods in burning fires labouring ;

Till hoary, and age-broke, and aged, In despair and the shadows of death. 7. And a roof vast, petrific, around On all sides he fram’d, like a womb, Where thousands of rivers, in veins Of blood, pour down the mountains to cool The eternal fires, beating without From Eternals ; and like a black Globe, T^he Book of Urizen View’d by sons of Eternity, standing On the shore of the infinite ocean, Like a human heart, struggling and beating, Tht vast world of Urizen appear’d. * 8. And Los, round the dark globe of Urizen, Kept watch for Eternals to confine The obscure separation alone ; For Eternity stood wide apart. As the stars arc apart from the earth, 9. Los wept, howling around the dark Demon, And cursing his lot ; for in anguish Urizen was rent from his side. And a fathomless Void for his feet, And intense fires for his dwelling. 10. But Urizen, laid in a stony sleep. Unorganiz’d, rent from Eternity. 11. The Eternals said : ‘ Wliat is this ? Death? Urizen is a clod of clay ! ’ 12. Los howl’d in a dismal stupor. Till the wrenching* apart was heaifed. 13. But the wrenching of Urizen h^l’d not. Cold, featureless, flesh or clay.

Rifted with direful changes. He lay in a dreamless night, 14. Till Los rous’d his fires, affrighted At the formless, unmeasurable Death. T. Los, smitten with astonishment. Frighten’d at the hurtling bones 318 T^he Book of Urizen 2. And at the surging, sulphureous, 155 PerturbM, immortal, mad raging 3. In whirlwindg, and pitch, and nitre Round the furious limbs of Los. 4. And Los formed nets and gins, And threw the nets round about. j6o 5. He watch’d in shudd’ring fear The dark changes, and bound every change With rivets of iron and brass. 6. And these were the changes of Urizen : — 1. Ages on ages roll’d over him ; 165 In stony sleep ages roll’d over him, Like a dark waste stretching, changeable, By earthquakes riv’n, belching sullen fires : On ages roll’d ages in ghastly Of darkness the Eternal Prophet howl’d. Beating still on his rivets of iron. Pouring solder of iron ; dividing ^ The horrible night into watches. 2. And Urizen (so his eternal name) 175 His prolific delight obscur’d more and more. In dark secrecy hiding in surging Sulphureous fluid his phanta.sies. The Eternal Prophet heav’d the dark bellows, Incessant beat, forging chains new and new,

Numb’ring with links hours, days, and years. 3. The Eternal mind, bounded, began to roll Eddies of wrath, ceaseless, round and round. And the sulphureous foam, surging thick, The Book of Urizen Settled, a lake, bright and shining clear, White as the snow on the mountains cold. 4. forgetfulness, dumbness, necessity, In chains of the mind locked up. Like fetters of ice shrinking together, Disorganiz’d, rent from Eternity, Los beat on his fetters of iron ; And heated his furnaces, and ix)ur’d Iron solder and solder of brass. 5. Restless turn’d the Immortal, enchain’d. Heaving dolorous, anguish’d, unbearable ; Till a roof, shaggy, wild, enclos’d In an orb his fountain of thought. 6. In a horrible, dreamful slumber, Like the linked infernal chain, A vast Spine writh’d in torment Upon the winds, shooting pain’d Ribs, like a bending cavern; And bones of solidness froze Over all his nerves of joy — And a first Age passed over. And a state of dismal woe. 7. From the caverns of his jointed Spine Down sunk with fright a red Round Globe, hot, burning, deep. Deep down into the Abyss ; Shooting out ten thousand branches Around his solid bones — And a second Age passed over,

And a state of dismal woe. 8. In harrowing fear rolling round, His nervous Brain shot branches The Book of Urizen Round the branches of his Heart, On high, into two little orbs, ,And fixfed in two little caves, Hiding carefully*from the wind. His Eyes beheld the deep — And a third Age passed over, And a state of dismal woe. 9. The pangs of hope began. In heavy pain, striving, struggling. Two Ears, in close volutions, From beneath his orbs of vision Shot spiring out, and petrified As they grew — And a fourth Age passed. And a state of dismal woe. 10. In ghastly torment sick. Hanging upon the wind, Two Nostrils bent down to the deep — And a fifth Age passed over, And a state of dismal woe. ir. In ghastly torment sick, Within his ribs bloated round A craving, hungry Cavern ; Thence arose his channelled Throat, And, like a red flame, a Tongue Of thirst and of hunger appear'd — And a sixth Age passed ^ver, And a state of dismal woe, 12. Enragbd and stifled with torment, He threw his right Arm to the North, His left Arm to the South, Shooting out in anguish deep,

And his Feet stamp'd the nether Abyss In trembling and howling and dismay — The Book of XJrizen And a [seventh] Age passed over, And a state of dismal woe. 1. In terrors Los shrunk from his task : His fires beheld, and sickening Hid their strong limbs in smoke ; For with noises, ruinous, loud, With hurtlings and clashings and groans. Tho’ bound in a deadly sleep. 2. All the myriads of Eternity, All the wisdom and joy of life Roll like a sea around him ; Of sight by degrees unfold. 3. And now his Eternal life. Like a dream, was obliterated. 4. Shudd’ring, the Eternal Prophet smote The bellows and hammer are silent now ; A nerveless silence his prophetic voice Seiz'd ; a cold Solitude and dark Void The Eternal Prophet and Urizen clos’d. 5. Ages on ages roll’d over them, 275 Cut off frojn life and light, frozen Into horrible forms of deformity. Los suffer’d his fires to decay \ 252 seventh] second in the engraved original^ but corrected to seventh in The Four Zoas, Night IV, 11 . 208-45 ; where the whole of this passage from stanza 3 to the end of the chapter is rewritten in a slightly altered form,

The Book of Urizen Then he look'd back with anxious desire, But the Space, undivided by existence*, , Struck horror into his soul. 6. Los wept, obscur’d with mourning, His bosom earthquak’d with sighs ; He saw Urizen, deadly, black, In his chains bound ; and Pity began, 7. In anguish dividing'and dividing — For Pity divides the soul — In pangs, li^ternity on Eternity, Life in cataracts pour'd down his cliffs. The Void shrunk the lymph into Nerves, Wand ring wide on the bosom of night, And left a round globe of blood Trembling upon the Void. Thus the Eternal Prophet was divided Before the death image of Urizen ; For in changeable clouds and darkness, In a winterly night beneath, The Abyss of Los stretch’d immense ; And now seen, now obscur’d, to the eyes Of Eternals the ^dsions remote • Of the dark separation appear’d : As glasses discover Worlds In the endless Abyss of space. So the expanding eyes of Immortals Beheld the dark visions of Los, And the globe of life-blood trembling. 8. The globe of life-blood trembled, Branching out into roots, Fibrous, writhing upon the winds, Fibres of blood, milk, and tears, In pangs, Eternity on Eternity.

At length in tears and cries embodied, ’The Book of Urixen A Female form, trembling and pale, Waves before his deathy face. 9. All Eternity shudder’d at sight 315 Of the first Female, now separate. Pale as a cloud of snow, Waving before the face of Los. 10. Wonder, awe, fear, astonishment At the first Female form now separate. They call’d her Pity, and fled. 1 r. ‘ Spread a 1 cnt with strong curtains around them ! T^et cords and stakes bind in the Void, That Eternals may no more behold them.* 325 12. They began to weave curtains of darkness, They erected large pillars round the Void, With golden hooks fasten’d in the pillars ; With infinite labour the Eternals 1. But Los saw the Female, and pitied ; He embrac’d her ; she wept, she refus’d ; In perverse and cruel delight She fled from his arms, yet he follow’d. 2. Eternity shudder’d when they saw 335 Man begetting his likeness On his own Divided Image I 3. A time passed over : the Eternals Began to erect the tent. Felt a Worm within her womb. The Book of XJrixen 4. Yet helpless it lay, like a Worm In the trembling womb,

• To be moulded ^into existence. 5. All day the Worm lay on her bosom ; All night within her womb The Worm lay till it grew to a Serpent, With dolorous hissings and poisons Round Enitharmon’s Ipins folding. 6. Coird within Enitharmon’s womb The Serpent grew, casting its scales ; With sharp pangs the hissings began To change to a grating cry — Many sorrows and dismal throes. Many forms of fish, bird, and beast Brought forth an Infant form Where was a Worm before. 7. The Eternals their tent finished, Alarm'd with these gloomy visions, Produc'd a Man-Child to the light. 8. A shriek ran thro' Eternity, And a paralytic stroke, At the birth of the Human Shadow, 9. Delving earth in his resistless way, Howling, the Child with fierce flames Issu'd from Enitharmon. 10. The Eternals closed the tent; They beat down the stakes, the cords Stretch'd for a work of Eternity — No more Los beheld Eternity ! 1 1. In his hands he seiz’d the Infant, He bathed him in springs of sorrow. He gave him to Enitharmon. The Book of Urizen 1. They namM the child Ore; he .grew, Fed with milk of Enitharmon.

2. Los awoke her. O sorrow and pain ! A tightening girdle grew Around his bosom. In sobbings He burst the girdle in twain*. But still another girdle Oppress’d his bosom. In sobbings Again he burst it. Again Another girdle succeeds. The girdle was form’d by day ; By night was burst in twain. 3. These falling down on the Rock Into an iron Chain, In each other link by link lock’d. 4. They took Ore to the top of a mountain. O how Enitharmon wept ! They chain’d his young limbs to the Rock With the Chain of, Jealousy, Beneath Urizen’s deathful Shadow. 5. The Dead heard the voice of the Child, And began to awake from sleep ; All things heard the voice of the Child, And began to awake to life. 6. And Urizen, craving with hunger, Stung with the odours of Nature, Explor’d his dens around. 7. He form’d a line and a plummet To divide the Abyss beneath ; He form’d a dividing rule ; The ^ook of Urizen 8. He formed scales to weigh, He formfed massy weights ; , He formed a brazen quadrant ; He formed golden compasses, And began to explore the Abyss ;

And he planted a garden of fruits. 9. But Los encircled Enitharmon With fires of Prophecy From the sight of Uri^:en and Ore. 10. And she bore an enormous race. r. Urizen explor’d his dens, Mountain, moor, and wilderness, With a globe of fire lighting his journey — A fearful journey, annoy’d By cruel enormities, forms Of life on his forsaken mountains. 2. And his World teem’d vast enormities, FrighL’ning, faithless, fawning. Portions of life, similitudes • Of a foot, or a hand, or a head. Or a heart, or an eye ; they swam mischievous, Dread terrors, delighting in blood ! 3. Most Urizen sicken’d to see His eternal creations appear. Sons and daughters of sorrow, on mountains, Weeping, wailing. First Thiriel appear’d, Astonished at his own existence, Like a man from a cloud born ; and Utha, From the waters emerging, laments ; Grodna rent the deep earth, howling, Amaz’d ; his heavens immense crack The Book of Urixen Like the ground parch’d with heat ; then Fuzon Flam’d out, first begotten, last born ; All his Eternal sons in like manner j His^daughters, from green herbs and cattle. From monsters and worms of the pit, 4. He in darkness clos’d view’d all his race,

And his soul sicken’d 1 He curs’d Both sons and daughters ; for he saw That no flesh nor spirit could keep His iron laws one moment. 5. For he saw that Life liv’d upon Death : The Ox in the slaughter-house moans ; The Dog at the wintry door ; And he wept, and he called it I’ity, And his tears flowed down on the winds. 6. Cold he wander’d on high, over their Cities, In weeping and pain and woe ; And wherever he wander'd, in sorrows Upon the agfed Heavens, A cold Shadow follow’d behind him Like a spider’s web, moist, cold, and dim, Drawing out from bis sorrowing soul. The dungeon-like heaven dividing. Wherever the footsteps of Urizen Walked over the cities in sorrow' ; 7. Till a Web, dark and cold, throughout all The tormented element stretch’d From the sorrows of Urizen’s soul. And the Web is a Female in embryo ; None could break the Web, no wings of fire, 8. So twisted the cords, and so knotted The meshes, twisted like to the human brain, 9. And all call’d it the Net of Religion. T‘he Book of Urixen 1. Then the Inhabitants of those Cities Felt their Nerves change into Marrow,

And hardening Bones began In swift diseases and torments, In throbbings and shootings and grindings, Thro’ all the coasts ; till weaken’d The Senses inward rusji’d, shrinking Beneath the dark Net of infection ; 2. Till the shrunken eyes, clouded over, Discern’d not the woven Hypocrisy ; But the streaky slime in their heavens, Brought together by narrowing perceptions. Appear’d transparent air ; for their eyes Grew small like the eyes of a man. And, in reptile forms shrinking together. Of seven feet stature they remain’d. 3. Six days they shrunk up from existence, And on the seventh day they rested. And they bless’d the seventh day, in sick hope, And forgot their Eternal life. 4. And their Thirty Cities divided In form of a Human Heart. No more could they rise at will In the infinite Void, but bound down To earth by their narrowing perceptions. They livfed a period of years ; Then left a noisome body To the jaws of devouring darkness. 5. And their children wept, and built Tombs in the desolate places. And form’d Laws of Prudence, and call’d them The Eternal Laws of God. The Book of Urizen 6. And the Thirty Cities remain’d,

Surrounded by salt floods, now call'd Africa : its name was then Egypt. 7. The remaining sons of Urizen Beneath the Net of Urizen. Persuasion was in vain ; I'br the ears of the inhabitants Were wither’d and deafen’d and cold, Their brethren of other cities. 8. So Fuzon call’d all together The remaining children of Urizen, And they left the pendulous earth. 9. And the salt Ocean rolled englob’d. I will sing you a song of Los^ the Eternal Propltet: He sung it to four harps^ at the tables of Eternity y In heartformH Africa, Urizen faded I Ariston shuddered ! And thus the Song began : — 5 Adam stood in the garden of Eden, And Noah on the mountains of Ararat ; They saw Urizen give his Laws to the Nations By the hands of the children of Los. Adam shudder’d ! Noah faded ! Black grew the sunny African 10 When Rintrah gave Abstract Philosophy to Brahma in the East. (Night spoke to the Cloud : ‘ Lo ! these Human-form’d spirits, in smiling hypocrisy, war Against one another ; so let them war on, slaves to the eternal elements.*) Abram fled in fires from Chaldaea ;

Moses beheld upon Mount Sinai forms of dark delusion. To Trismegistus, Falamabron gave an abstract Law ; To Pythagoras, Socrates, and Plato. Times rolled on o’er all the sons of Hat : time after time ae The Song of Los Ore on Mount Atlas howl’d, chain’d down with the Chain of Jealousy ; Then Oothoon hover’d over Judah and Jerusalem, And Jesus* heard her voice — a Man of Sorrows ! — He receiv'd A Gospel from wretched Theotormon. Secluded places, fearing the joys of Love, And the diseased only propagated. So Antamon call’d up Lcutha from her valleys of delight. And to Mahomet a loose Bible gave ; Because of Diralada, thinking to reclaim his joy. These were the Churches, Hospitals, Castles, Palaces, Like nets and gins and traps, to aitcli the joys of Eternity, And all the rest a desert \ Since that dread day when Har and Heva tied, Because their brethren and sisters liv’d in War and Lust \ And, as they fled, they shrunk Into two narrow doleful forms, The bosom of the ground ; And all the vast of Nature shrunk Before their shrunken eyes. Thus the terrible race of Los and Enitharmon gave

And more to Earth, closing and restraining ; Till a Philosophy of Five Senses was complete : Urizen wept, and gave it into the hands of Newton and Locke. Clouds roll heavy upon the Alps round Rousseau and Voltaire, Of Asia, and on the deserts of Africa round the Fallen Angels. The Guardian Prince of Albion bums in his nightly tent. The Song of Los The Kings of Asia heard • The howl rise up from Europe, And each ran out from his Web, From his ancient woven Den ; At the thick-flaming, thought-creating fires of Ore. And the Kings of Asia stood And cri^d in bitterness of soul : — ‘Shall not the King call for Famine from the heath, Nor the Priest for Pestilence from the fen, ro To restrain, to dismay, to thin The inhabitants of mountain and plain, In the day of full-feeding prosperity And the night of delicious songs ? Of Poverty on the laborious, To fix the price of labour. To invent allegoric riches ? And the privy admonishers of men Call for Fires in the City, • ao For heaps of smoking ruins, In the night of prosperity and wantonness, To turn man from his path.

To restrain the child from the womb. That the remnant may learn to obey. That the pride of the heart may fail. That the lust of the eyes may be quenched, That the delicate ear in its infancy May be dull’d, and the nostrils clos’d up, To teach Mortal Worms the path That leads from the gates of the Grave ? ’ The Song of Los Urizen heard them cry, And his shuddering, waving wings Went enormous above the red flames,^ Drawing clouds of despair thro* the Heavens Of Europe as he went. And his Books of brass, iron, and gold Melted over the land as he flew. And he stood over Judaea, And stay’d in hrs ancient place, And stretch’d his clouds over Jerusalem ; For Adam, a mouldering skeleton, I^y bleach*d on the garden of Eden j And Noah, as white as snow. On the mountains of Ararat. Then the thunders of Urizen bellow’d aloud From his woven darkness above. Ore, raging in European darkness, Arose like a pillar of fire above the Alps, Like a serpent of fiery flame ! The sullen Earth Shrunk ! Forth from the dead dust, rattling bones to bones Join. Shaking, convuls’d, the shiv’ring Clay breathes, And all Flesh naked stands : Fathers and Friends, Mothers and Infants, Kings and Warriors.

The Grave shrieks with delight, and shakes Her hollow womb, and clasps the solid stem ; Her bosom swells with wild desire ) And milk and blood and glandous wine In rivers rush, and shout and dance. On mountain, dale, and plain. THE SONG OF LOS IS ENDED Urizen Wept 334 1. Eno, ag^d Mother, Who the chariot of Leutha guides, Since the day of thunders in old time, 2. Sitting beneath the eternal Oak, Trembled and shook the steadfast Earth, And thus her speech broke forth : — 3. * O Times remote ! When Love and Joy were adoration, And none impure were deem’d. Nor thin-lipp’d Envy, ^ Nor Curled Wantonness ; 4. * But Covet was pourfed full, Envy fed with fat of lambs, Wrath with lion’s gore. Wantonness lull’d to sleep With the virgin’s lute. Or sated with her love ; 5. ‘ Till Covet broke his locks and bars, And slept with open doors ; Envy sung at the rich man’s feast ; Wrath was follow’d up and down 335 ’The Book of Los By a little ewe lamb ; And Wantonness on his own true love Begot a giant race. 6. Raging furious, the flames of desire Ran thro' heaven and earth, living flames. Intelligent, organiz’d, arm’d

With destruction and plagues. In the midst The Eternal Prophet, bound in a chain, Compeird to watch Urizen’s shadow, 7. Rag’d with curses and sparkles of fury : Round the flames roll, as Los hurls his chains, Mounting up from his fury, condens’d. Rolling round and round, mounting on high Into Vacuum, into nonentity. Where nothing was ; dash’d wide apart, His feet stamp the eternal fierce-raging Rivers of wide flame ; they tdII round And round on all sides, making their way Into darkness and shadowy obscurity. 8. Wide apart stood the fires : I^os remain’d In the Void between fire and fire : In trembling and horror they beheld him ; They stood wide apart, driv’n by his hands And his feet, which tlie nether Abyss Stamp’d in fury and hot indignation. 9. But no light from the fires ! all was Darkness round Los : heat was not ; for bound Into fiery spheres from his fury. The gigantic flames trembled and hid. 10. Coldness, darkness, obstruction, a Solid Without fluctuation, hard as adamant. Black as marble of Egypt, impenetrable, Bound in the fierce raging Immortal ; And the separated fires, froze in The Book of Los

A vast Solid, without fluctuation, Bound in his expanding clear senses. 1. The Immortal stood frozen amidst I'he vast Rock of Eternity, times And times, a night of^vast durance. Impatient, stifled, stiffen’d, hardened ; 2 . Till impatience no longer could bear The hard bondage : rent, rent, the vast Solid, With a crash from Immense to Immense, 3 . Crack’d across into numberless fragments. The Prophetic wrath, struggling for vent, Hurls apart, stamping furious to dust. And crumbling with bursting sobs, heaves The black marble on high into fragments. 4 . Hurl’d apart on all sides as a falling Rock, the innumerable fragments away Fell asunder ; and horrible Vacuum Beneath him, and on all sides r^und, 5 . ‘ Falling ! falling 1 Los fell and fell, Sunk precipitant, heavy, down ! down I Times on times, night on night, day on day — Truth has bounds. Error none — falling, falling, Years on years, and ages on ages ; Still he fell thro’ the Void, still a Void Found for falling, day and night without end \ For tho’ day or night was not, their spaces Were measur’d by his incessant whirls In the horrid Vacuity bottomless.

6 . The Immortal revolving, indignant. First in wrath threw his limbs, like the babe The Book of Los New-born into our world : wrath subsided. And contemplative thoughts first arose ; Then aloft his head rear’d in the Abyss, And his downward-borne fall chang’d oblique. 7. Many ages of groans ! till there grew Branchy forms, organizing the Human Into finite inflexible organs ; 8. Till in process from falling he bore Sidelong on the purple air, wafting The weak breeze in efforts overwearied : 9. Incessant the falling Mind labour’d, Organizing itself, till the Vacuum Became Element, pliant to rise, Or to fall, or to swim, or to fly, With ease searching the dire Vacuity. 1 . The Lungs heave incessant, dull, and heavy ; For as yet were all other parts formless, Shiv’ring, clinging around like a cloud. Dim and glutinous as the white Polypus, Driv’n by waves and cnglob’d on the tide. 2. And the unformM part crav’d repose ; Sleep began; the Lungs heave on the wave ; Weary, overweigh’d, sinking beneath In a stifling black fluid, he woke. 3. He arose on the waters ; but soon Heavy falling, his organs like roots Shooting out from the seed, shot beneath.

And a vast World of Waters around him In furious torrents began. The Book of Los 4. Then he sunk, and around his spent Lungs Began intricate pipes that drew in The spawn of the^waters, outbranching An immense Fibrous Form, stretching out Thro’ the bottoms of Immensity : raging. 5. He rose on the floods ; then he smote The wild deep with his terrible wrath, "'Separating the heavy anj^ thin. 6. Down the heavy sunk, cleaving around To the fragments of Solid : uprose The thin, flowing round the fierce fires That glow’d furious in the Expanse. 1. Then Light first began ; from the fires, Beams, conducted by fluid so pure, Flow’d around the Immense. Los beheld Forthwith, writhing upon the dark Void, The Backbone of Urizen appear, Hurtling upon the wind, Like a serpent, like an iron chain, Whirling about in the Deep. • 2. Upfolding his Fibres together To a Form of impregnable strength, Los, astonish’d and terrified, built Furnaces ; he formed an Anvil, A Hammer of adamant : then began The binding of Urizen day and night. 3. Circling round the dark Demon with bowlings. Dismay, and sharp blightings, the Prophet Of Eternity beat on his iron links.

4. And first from those Infinite fires. The light that flow’d down on the winds The Book of Los He seiz’d, beating incessant, condensing The subtil particles in an Orb. 5 , Roaring indignant, the bright jparks 150 Endur’d the vast Hammer ; but unwearied Los beat on the Anvil, till glorious An immense Orb of fire he fram’d. 6. Oft he quench’d it beneath in the Deeps ; Seizing fires from the terrific Orbs, He heated the round Globe, then beat ; While, roaring, his Furnaces endur’d The chain’d Orb in their infinite wombs. 7. Nine ages completed their circles, 160 When Los heated the glowing mass, casting It down into the Deeps : the Deeps fled Away in redounding smoke : the Sun Stood self-balanc’d. And T-rOs smil’d with joy : And bound do\vn to the glowing Illusion. 8. But no light ! for the Deep fled away On all sides, and left an unform’d Dark Vacuity : here Urizen lay 9. Till his Brain in a rock, and his Heart In a fleshy slough, formed four rivers, Obscuring the immense Orb of fire, Flowing down into night ; till a Form In darkness and deep clouds involv’d.

1. Fuzon, on a chariot iron- winged, On spiked flames rose ; his hot visage Flam’d furious ; sparkles his hair and beard Shot down his wide bosom and shoulders. On clouds of smoke rages his chariot^ And his right hand burns red in its cloud, Moulding into a vast Globe his wrath, As the thunder-stone is moulded, Son of Urizen’s silent burnings. 2. ‘ Shall we worship this Demon of smoke.’ Said Fuzon, ‘ this abstract Nonentity, This cloudy God seated on waters, Now seen, now obscur’d, King of Sorrow ? ’ 3. So he spoke in a fiery flame. On Urizen frowning indignant, The Globe of wrath shaking on high. Roaring with fury, he threw The howling Globe ; burning it flew, Length’ning into a hungry beam. Swiftly. 4. Oppos’d to the exulting flam’d beam, The broad Disk of Urizen upheav’d Across the Void many a mile. 5. It was forg’d in mills where the winter Beats incessant : ten winters the disk. Unremitting, endur’d the cold hammer. T'he Book of Ahania 6. But the strong arm that sent it remember'd The sounding beam : laughing, it tore through That beaten mass, keeping its direction, Tho cold loins of Urizen dividing. *

7. Dire shriek’d his invisible Lust ! Deep groan'd Urizen ; stretching his awful hand, Ahania (so name his parted Soul) He seiz'd on his mountains of Jealousy. He groan'd, anguish'd, and called her Sin, Kissing her and weeping over her ; Then hid her in darkness, in silence. Jealous, tho’ she was invisible. 8. She fell down, a faint Shadow, wand'ring In Chaos, and circling dark Urizen, As the moon, anguish’d, circles the earth, Hopeless ! abhorr'd ! a death-shadow, The mother of Pestilence ! 9. But the fiery beam of Fuzon Was a pillar of fire to Egypt, Five hundred years wand'ring on earth, Till Los seiz’d it, and beat in a mass With the body of the sun. 1. But the forehead of Urizen gathering, And his eyes pale with anguish, his lips Blue and changing, in tears and bitter Contrition he prepar'd his Bow, 2. Form'd of Ribs, that in his dark solitude, When obscur’d in his forests, fell monsters T‘he Book of Ahania Arose. For his dire Contemplations Rush’d down like floods from his mountains, . In torrents of mud settling thick, ^ With eggs of unnatural production : • Forthwith hatching, some howl’d on his hills, Some in vales, some aloft flew in air.

3. Of these, an enormous dread Serpent, Scaled and poisonous, ^horned. Approach’d Urizen, even to his knees, As he sat on his dark-rooted Oak. 4. With his horns he push’d furious : Great the conflict and great the jealousy In cold poisons ; but Urizen smote him ! 5. First he poison’d the rocks with his blood, Then polish’d his ribs, and his sinews DriM, laid them apart till winter ; Then a Bow black prepar’d : on this Bow A poisoned Rock plac’d in silence. He utter’d these words to the Bow : — 6. ‘ O Bow of the clouds of Secrecy ! O nerve of that lust-form’d monster ! Send this Rock swift, invisible, thro’ The black clouds on the bosom of Fuzon.’ 7. So saying, in torment of his wounds He bent the enormous ribs slowly — A circle of darkness I — then fixed The sinew in its rest ; then the Rock, Poisonous source, plac’d with art, lifting difficult Its weighty bulk. Silent the Rock lay, 8. While Fuzon, his tigers unloosing, Thought Urizen slain by his wrath. * I am God ! * said he, ‘ eldest of things.’ The Book of Ahania

9. Sudden sings the Rock ; swift and invisible On Fuzon flew, enter’d his bosom ; His beautiful visage, his tresses, That gave light to the mornings of heaven, Were smitten with darkness, deform’d. And outstretch’d on the edge of the forest. 10. But the Rock fell upon the Earth, Mount Sinai, in Arabia. 1. The Globe shook, and Urizen, seated On black clouds, his sore wound anointed ; The ointment flow’d down on the Void Mix’d with blood — here the snake gets her poison 2. With difficulty and great pain Urizen Lifted on high the dead corse : On his shoulders he bore it to whertj A Tree hung over the Immensity. 3. For when Urizen shrunk away From Eternals, he sat on a Rock, Barren — a Rock which himself, From redounding fancies, had petrified. Many tears fell on the Rock, Many sparks of vegetation. Soon shot the pained root Of Mystery under his heel : It grew a thick tree : he wrote In silence his Book of Iron j Till the horrid plant bending its boughs, Grew to roots when it felt the earth. And again sprung to many a tree. T’he Book of Ahania

4. Amaz’d started Urizen when He beheld himself compassed round And high-roofbd over with trees. He arose, but the stems stood so thick, Brought his Books — all but the Book Of Iron — ^from the dismal shade. 5. The Tree still grpjvs over the Void, Enrooting itself all around, An endless labyrinth of woe ! 125 6. The corse of his first begotten On the accursed Tree of Mystery, On the topmost stem of this Tree Urizen nail’d Fuzon’s corse. 1. Forth flew the arrows of Pestilence 130 Round the pale living Corse on the Tree, 2. For in Urizen’s slumbers of abstraction, In the infinite ages of Eternity,* When his Nerves of Joy melted and flow’d, In perturb’d pain and dismal torment, Now stretching out, now swift conglobing, 3. Effluvia vapour’d above In noxious clouds ; these hover’d thick Till petrific pain scurf’d o’er the Lakes, As the bones of Man, solid and dark. 4. The clouds of Disease hover’d wide Around the Immortal in torment, T‘he Book of Ahania Perching around the hurtling bones — Disease on disease, shape on shape, Wingfed, screaming in blood and torment ! 5. The Eternal Prophet beat on his Anvils, Enrag’d in the desolate darkness ;

And Los threw them around the bones. 6. The Shapes, screaming, flutter’d vain : Some combin’d into muscles and glands. Some organs for craving and lust ; Urizen’s army of horrors ! 7. Round the pale living Corse on the Tree, Forty years, flew the arrows of Pestilence. 8. Wailing and terror and woe Forty years all his sons and daughters Felt their skulls harden ; then Asia Arose in the pendulous deep. 9. They reptilize upon the Earth. 10. Fuzon groan’d on the Tree. 165 1. The lamenting voice of Ahania, Weeping upon the Void ! And round the Tree of Fuzon, Distant in solitary night, Had she ; but her tears from clouds Eternal fell round the Tree. 2. And the voice cried : ‘ Ah, Urizen ! Love ! T'he Book of Ahania Flower of morning ! I weep on the verge Of Nonentity — ^how wide the Abyss Between Ahania and theel 3. ‘ I lie on the verge of the deep ; I see thy dark clouds ascend ; I see thy black forests and Hoods, A horrible waste to my eyes ! 4. * Weeping I walkwer rocks, Over dens, and thro* valleys of death. Why didst thou despise Ahania,

To cast me from thy bright presence Into the World of Loneness ? 5. ‘I cannot touch his hand, Nor weep on his knees, nor hear His voice and bow, nor see his eyes And joy ; nor hear his footsteps, and My heart leap at the lovely sound ! I cannot kiss the place Whereon his bright feet have trod ; But I wander on the rocks With hard necessity. 6. * Where is my golden palace ? Where my ivory bed ? Where the joy of my morning hour ? Where the Sons of Eternity singing, 7 - ‘ To awake bright Urizen, my King, To arise to the mountain six)rt, To the bliss of eternal valleys ; 8. ‘ To awake my King in the morn. To embrace Ahania's joy On the breath of his open bosom. From my soft cloud of dew to fall In showers of life on his harvests ? T*he Book of Ahania 9. * When he gavfe my happy soul To the Sons of Eternal Joy ; When he took the Daughters of Life *^Into my chambers of love \ 10. * When I found Babes of bliss on my beds, And bosoms of milk in my chambers.

Fill’d with eternal seed — O ! eternal births sung round Ahania, In interchange sweet of their joys ! 11. * Sweird with ripeness and fat with fatness, Bursting on winds, my odours. My ripe figs and rich pomegranates, In infant joy at thy feet, O Urizen ! sported and sang. 12. ‘Then thou with thy lap full of seed, With thy hand full of generous fire, Walked forth from the clouds of morning ; On the virgins of springing joy, On the Human soul to cast The seed of eternal Science. 13. ‘ The sweat poured down thy temples, To Ahania return’d in evening ; The moisture awoke to birth My mother’s joys, sleeping in bliss. 1 4. * But now alone ! over rocks, mountains, Cast out from thy lovely bosom ! Cruel Jealousy, selfish P'ear, Self-destroying ! how can delight Renew in these chains of darkness, Where bones of beasts are strown On the bleak and snowy mountains. Where bones from the birth are buriM Before they see the light ? ’ [Introduction to Night the First] The song of the Agl‘d Mother, which shook the heavens with wrath, Hearing the march of long-resounding, strong, heroic Verse, Marshaird in order for the day of Intellectual Battle.

P'our Mighty Ones are in every Man : a perfect Unity The Universal Man, to Whom be glory evermort. Amen. What are the Natures of those Living Creatur *s the Heavenly Father only Knoweth : no Individual knoweth, nor o«n know in all Eternity. Four Zoos, Night I, 11 . 1-8 I -3 Originally beginning with : This is the Song of Eno . . Vala Blake altered this to ; 1 The Song of the Ag^d Mother, which shook the heavens with wrath, 3 If with his Intellect he comprehend . . . 7 With all their woods : the streams and valleys wail’d in dismal fear. 5 Marshaird in order for the day of Intellectual Battle — indicating the seqttence of Urns by the prefixed numerals. Later he deleted U. a, 3, 6, 7, dtanged To hear the sound in 1. 4 to Hearing the march, and again numbered the remaining lines in the order given in my text. Selections from ‘ The Four Zoas ’ Enion brooded o'er the rocks : the rough rocks groaning vegetate — Such power was given to the solitary Wanderer — r The barldid Oak, the long-limb’d Beech, the Chestnut-tree, the Pine, The Pear-tree mild, the frowning Walnut, the sharp Crab, and

The rough bark opens, twittering peep forth little beaks and wings, The Nightingale, the Goldfinch, Robin, Lark, Linnet and I’hrush ; The Goat Icap’d from the craggy cliff, the Sheep awoke from the mould ; Upon its green stalk rose the Com, waving innumerable, Enfolding the bright infants from the desolating winds. Four Zoas, Night I, from a deleted passage following 1 . 121. [A Vision of Eternity] Eternity appear'd above them as One Man, enfolded In Luvah’s robes of blood, and bearing all his afflictions : As the sun shines down on the misty earth, such was the Vision. But purple Night, and crimson Morning, and golden Day, descending Thro' the clear changing atmosphere, display'd green fields among With towns, and villages, and temples, tents, sheep-folds and pastures, AV^here dwell the children of the Elemental worlds in harmony. Ibid., Night II, 11 . 107-12. [The Song sung at the Feast of Los and Enitharmon] The Mountain called out to the Mountain : ‘ Awake, O Brother Mountain ! Let us refuse the Plough and Spade, the heavy Roller and spikM Harrow ; bum all these corn-fields ; throw down all these fences ! A Vision of Eternity] Cp. the lines in a letter to Butts, dated Felpham, Oct. a, 1800 (pp. 184-6 of this ed.).

The Song] i The Mountain called out to the Mountain changed afterwards to the more symbolic Ephraim called out to Zion. Selections from ‘ T^he Four Zoas ’ Fatten’d on human blood, and drunk with wine of life is better far Red with the blood of Men, swells lustful round my rocky knees : My cloucis are not the clduds of verdant fields and grove^ of fruit, But Cloi]^s of Human Souls : my nostrils drink the Lives of Men. ‘The Villages lament, they faint, outstretch'd upon the plain : Wailing runs round the Valleys from the mill and from the barn : But most the polish’d Palaces, dark, silent, bow with dread, 1 1 Hiding their books and pictures underneath the dens of Earth. ‘The Cities send to one another saying : “ My sons are mad With wine of cruelty ! T.et us plait a scourge, O Sister City ! Children are nourish’d for the slaughter. Once the child was fed With milk; but wherefore now are children fed with blood?”’ 16 Fottr ZoaSy Night H, 11 . 128-43. [The Song of Enitharmon over Los] 1 seize the sphery harp, strike the strings I At the first sound the golden Sun arises from the deep,

And shakes his awful hair ; The Echo wakes the moon to unbind her sil v^er locks : And nine bright Spheres of harmony rise*round the fiery king. The joy of Woman is the death of her most best-beloved, W^ho dies for love of her In torments of fierce jealousy and pangs of adoration : And the nine Spheres rejoice beneath my powerful control. They sing unceasing to the notes of my immortal hand. The solemn, silent Moon Reverberates the living harmony upon my limbs ; The birds and beasts rejoice and play, And every one seeks for his mate to prove his inmost joy. I harp] harps MS. ist nig. Selections from ‘ The Four Zoas ’ Furious and terrible they sport and rend the nether Deep ; The Deep lifts up his rugged head, And, lost in infinite humming wings, vanishes with a cry. The fading cry is ever dying : 20 The living voice is ever living in its inmost joy. Arise, you little glancing wings and sing your infant joy ! Arise and drink your bliss ! For everything that lives is holy ; for the Source of Life For the Earthworm renews the moisture of the sandy plain.

Now my left hand I stretch to Earth beneath, And strike the terrible string. I wake sweet joy in dens of sorrow, and I plant a smile And wake the bubbling springs of life in regions of dark death. O, I am weary ! Lay thine hand upon me, or I faint. I faint beneath these beams of thine ; For thou hast touched my five Senses, and they answered thee. And on the bed of silence sleep, till ihou awakest me. Four ZoaSy Night II, 11 . 551-86. [The Wail of Enion] I am made to sow the thistle for wheat, the nettle for a nourishing dainty : I have planted a false oath in the earth ; it has brought forth a Poison Tree : I have chosen the serpent for a counsellor, and the dog For a schoolmaster to my children : I have blotted out from light and living the dove and nightingale, And I have causJid the earthworm to beg from door to door : 6 I have taught the thief a secret path into the house of the just : I have taught pale Artifice to spread his nets upon the morning. Wail of Enion] 3-4 Cp. Visions of the Daughters of Albion^ 11 . 119-90 (p. 289 of this ed.).

Selections from ‘ T‘he Four Zoas ’ My heavens are brass, my earth iS iron, my moon a clod of clay, My sun a pestilence burning at noon, and a vapour of death in What is the price of Experience ? Do men buy it for a ^ng, Or Wisdl^ for a dance in the street ? No ! it is bought with the • price Of all that a man hath — his house, his wife, his children. Wisdom is sold in the desolate market where none come to buy, And in the withered field where the farmer ploughs for bread in vain. 15 It is an easy thing to triumph in the summer*s sun, And in the vintage, and to sing on the waggon loaded with corn : It is an easy thing to talk of patience to the affiicted, To speak the laws of prudence to the houseless wanderer, When the red blood is fill’d with wine and with the marrow of lambs : It is an easy thing to laugh at wrathful elements ; To hear the dog howl at the wintry door, the ox in the slaughterhouse moan ; To see a God on every wind and a blessing on every blast ;

To hear sounds of Love in the thunderstorm that destroys our enemy’s house ; 25 To rejoice in the blight that covers his field, and the sickness that cuts off his children, While our olive and vine sing and laugh round our door, and our children bring fruits and flowers. Then the groan and the dolour are quite forgotten, and the slave grinding at the mill, And the captive in chains, and the poor in the prison, and the soldier in the field When the shatter’d bone hath laid him groaning among the happier dead ; 30 Selections from ‘ The Four Zoas ’ It is an easy thing to rejoice in the tents of prosperity — Thus would I sing and thus rejoice ; but it is not so with me. ^ Four Zoas, Night II, 11. 595-636. Still the faint harps and silver voices calm the weary couch ; , But from the caves of deepest Night, ascending in clouds of mist, The Winter spread his wide black wings across from pole to pole ; Grim Frost beneath and terrible Snow, link’d in a marriage chain. Settled like bats innumerable, ready to fly abroad. Ibid f Night V, 11, 30-5.

[The Woes of Urizen iii the Dens of Urthona] Ah ! how shall Urizen the King submit to this dark mansion ? Ah! how is this? Once on the heights I stretch’d my throne sublime. The mountains of Urizen, once of silver, where the sons of wisdom dwelt, And on whose tops the virgins sang, are rocks of Desolation. My fountains, once the haunt of swans, now breed the scaly tortoise, ^ 5 The houses of my harpers are become a haunt of crows. The gardens of Wisdom are become a field of horrid graves, And on the bones I drop my tears, and water them in vain. Once how I walkfed from my Palace in gardens of delight I The sons of wisdom stood around, the harpers follow’d with harps, 10 Nine virgins, cloth’d in light, compos’d the song to their immortal voices, And at my banquets of new wine my head was crown’d with joy. Then in my ivory pavilions I slumber’d in the noon. And walkM in the silent night among sweet-smelling flowers, Selections from ‘ The Four Zoas^ Till on my silver bed I slepf, and sweet dreams round me hover’d; 15 But now my land is darken’d and i^y wise men are departed.

My songs are turned to cries of lamentation Heard my mountains, and deep sighs under my palace roofs ; Because the steeds of Urizen, once swifter than the light, Were kept back from my Lord and from his chariot of mercies. O ! did I keep the horses of the Day in silver pastures ! 2 1 O ! I refus’d the Lord of Day the horses of his Prince ! O ! did I close my treasuries with roofs of solid stone, And darken all my palace walls with envyings and hate ! O fool ! to think that I could hide from his all-picrcing eyes 25 The gold and silver and costly stones, his holy workmanship. 0 fool ! could I forget the light that filled my bright spheres Was a reflection of his face who call’d me from the deep ! 1 well remember, for I heard the mild and holy voice Saying : * O Light, spring up and shine,’ and I sprang up from the deep. 30 He gave to me a silver sceptre, and crown’d me with a golden crown, And said: ‘Go forth and guide my Son who wanders on the ocean.’ 1 went not forth : I hid myself in black clouds of my wrath :

I call’d the stars around my feet in the night of councils dark ; We fell : I seiz’d thee, dark Urthona, in my left hand, falling, I seiz’d thee, beauteous Luvah ; thou art faded like a flower, And like a lily thy wife Vala, wither’d by winds. 17 to] into MS. 1st rdg, del. 32 And said] Saying MS. ist rdg. del, 38 thy wife] is thy wife MS. ist rdg. Selections from ‘ The Four Zoas ’ When thou didst bear the golden cup at the immortal tables, Thy children smote their fiery wings, crown’d with the gold of Thy pure leet stept on the steps divine, too pure for other feet. And thy fair locks shadow’d thine eyes from the divine effj Igence. Then thou didst keep with strong Urthona the living gates of Heaven j But now thou art bow’d down with him, even to the gates of Hell. For steeds of Light, that they might run in thy golden chariot of pride, I gave to thee the steeds. I pour’d the stolen wine. And, drunken with the immortal draught, fell from my throne sublime. I will arise, explore these dens, and find that deep pulsation

That shakes my caverns with strong shudders. Perhaps this is the Night 50 Of Prophecy, and Luvah hath burst his way from Enitharmon. When Thought is clos’d in Caves, then Love shall show its root in deepest Hell. Four Zoas^ Night V, 11 . 190-241. [Los in his Wrath] Los rear’d his mighty stature : on Earth stood his feet ; above The Moon his furious forehead, circled with black bursting thunders; His naked limbs glitt’ring upon the dark blue sky, his knees Bathfed in bloody clouds ; his loins in fires of War, where spears And swords rage, where the Eagles cry and Vultures laugh, saying : ‘ Now comes the night of carnage, now the flesh of Kings and Pamper’d in palaces for our food, the blood of Captains nurtur’d Selections from ‘ T'he Four Zoas ’ With lust and murder for our drink. The drunken Raven shall wander All night among the slain, and mo^k the wounded that groan in the field.* • • Four Zoas, Night VII, First Version, 11. 38-46. [The War-Song of Ore] Loud sounds the war-song round red Ore in his fury, And round the nameless Shadowy Female in her howling terror, When all the Elemental Gods join’d in the wondrous song : —

‘ Sound the war-trumpet terrific, souls clad in attractive steel ! Sound the shrill fife. Serpents of War ! I hear the northern drum Awake ! I hear the flappings of the folding banners ! 6 The Dragons of the North put on their armour ; Upon the eastern sea direct they take their course ; The glitt’ring of their horses* trappings stains the vault of night. * Stop we the rising of the glorious King! spur, spur your clouds 10 Of death I O northern drum, awake ! O hand of iron, sound The northern drum ! Now give the charge ! bravely obscur’d With darts of wintry hail ! Again the black bow draw ; Again the elemental strings to your right breasts draw ; Ibid,, Night VII, First Version, 11 . X42-56. And she went forth and saw the forms of Life and of Delight Walking on mountains, or flying in the open expanse of heaven. She heard sweet voices in the winds, and in the voices of birds That rose from waters ; for the waters were as the voice of Luvah, Tho* all those fair perfections, which men know only by name. In beautiful substantial forms appear’d, and servfed her

to clouds] steeds MS. ist rdg. del. Selections from ‘ The Four Zoas * As food or drink or ornament, or in delightful works To build her bowers. For the elements brought forth abundantly The living Soul in glorious forms ; and every one came foifth, lo Walking before her Shadowy face and botving at her feet. But, in vain, delights were pourM forth on the howling Melgmcholy ! For her delight the Horse his proud neck bow’d, and Iiis whit? mane ; And the strong Lion deign’d in his mouth to wear the golden bit ; To bring her fruits of sweet delight from trees of richest wonders; And the strong-pinion’d Eagle bore the fire of Heaven in the nightseason. Four Zoas, Night VII, First Version, 11 . 267-83. [Urizen’s Words of Wisdom] And Urizen read in his Book of Brass in sounding tones : — ‘ Listen, O Daughters, to my voice ! listen to the words of wisdom ! Compel the Poor to live upon a crust of bread by soft mild arts : So shall [you] govern over all. I.et Moral Duty tune your tongue, 'J'o bring the Shadow of Enitharmon beneath our wondrous Tree, That Ix)s may evaporate like smoke, and be no more.

Draw down Enitharmon ;o the Spectre of Urthona, And let him have dominion over Los, the terrible Shade. Smile when they frown, frown when they smile; and when a man looks pale lo With labour and abstinence, say he looks healthy and happy ; And when his children sicken, let them die : there are enough Born, even too many, and our earth will soon be overrun Without these arts. If you would make the Poor live with temper, ^Vith pomp give every crust of bread you give; with gracious cunning 15 Magnify small gifts ; reduce the man to want a gift, and then give with pomp. 4 9 These lines are additions. In I. 4 < you ’ is miswTitten ^be 'in the MS. Selections from ‘ T^he Four Zoas ' Say he smiles, if you hear him sigh ; if pale, say he is ruddy. Preach temperance : say he is overgorg*d, and drowns his wit In strong drink, tho* you know thal bread and water are all He can afford. Flattei* his wife, pity his children, till ye can 20 Reduce all to our will, as spaniels are taught with art.’ • ^ Four Zoasy Night VII, Revised Version, 11 . 109-29.

[The Shade of Enitharmon] Her Shadow went forth and return’d. Now she was pale as snow, When the mountains and hills are cover’d over, and the paths of men shut up ; But, when her Spirit return’d, as ruddy as a morning when The ripe fruit blushes into joy in Heaven’s eternal halls. Ibid,, Night VII, Revised Version, 11 . He saw Ore, a Serpent form, augmenting times on times In the fierce battle; and he saw the I^mb of God, and the world of Los Surrounded by his dark machines ; for Ore augmented swift In fury, a Serpent wondrous, among the constellations of Urizen. Beneath, down to his eyelids, scales of pearl ; then gold and silver, Im mingled with the ruby, overspread his visage ; down 1 lis furious neck, writhing contortive in dire budding pains, The scaly armour shot out. Stubborn, down his back and bosom, Strove in terrific emulation which should gain a place Upon the mighty fiend — the fruit of the Mysterious Tree Kneaded in Uvith’s kneading-trough. Ibid, Night VIII, 11 . 58-70. Selections from ‘ 'The Four Zoas* 'ferrifibd at Non-Existence — For such they deem’d the death of the Ijody— Los his vegetable hantfs

Outstretch’d ; his right hand, branching out in fibrous stjpngth, Seiz’d the Sun ; his left hand, like dark roots, cover’d the Moon,* And tore them down, cracking the heavens across from immense to immense. 5 Then fell the fires of Eternity, withTloud and shrill Sound of loud Trumpet, thundering along from heaven to heaven, A mighty sound articulate : ‘ Awake I ye Dead, and come To Judgement from the four winds ! awake, and come away ! * 9 Folding like scrolls of the enormous volume of Heaven and Earth, With thunderous noise and dreadful shakings, rocking to and fro, The Heavens are shaken, and the Earth removed from its place ; The foundations of the eternal hills discover’d. The^thrones of Kings are shaken, they have lost their robes and crowns ; The naked warriors rush together down to the seashore. Trembling before the multitudes of slaves now set at liberty : They are become like wintiy flocks, like forests stripp’d of leaves. The Oppressed pursue ,Hke the wind ; there is no room for escape. . . . The Books of Urizen unroll with dreadful noise I The folding Serpent ao Of Ore began to consume in fierce raving fire ; his fierce flames Issu’d on all sides, gathering strength in animating volumes, Roaring abroad on all the winds, raging intense, reddening Into resistless pillars of fire, rolling round and round, gathering Strength from the earths consum’d, and heavens, and all hidden abysses, 25

Where’er the Eagle has explor’d, or Lion or Tiger trod. In the MS. 11 . 15, 17, 19, introducing a new feature — the retaliation of the oppressed — are additions. Selections from ^ '‘The Tour Zoas ’ Or where the comets of the night, or stars of day Have shot their arrows or long-beamfed spears in wrath and fury. And all the while the Trumpet sounds. Start forth the trembling millions into flames of mental fire, •Bathing their limbs in the bright visions of Eternity. Then, like the doves from pillars of smoke, the trembling families Of women and children throughout every nation under heaven As snow that falls round a leafless tree upon the green. Their oppressors are falFn ; they have stricken them ; they awake to life. Yet, pale, the Just man stands erect, and looking up to Heav'n. Trembling and strucken by the universal stroke, the trees unroot ; Their rivers cry with a dismal cry ; the cattle gather together, Lowing they kneel before the heavens ; the wild beasts of the forests Tremble. The Lion, shuddering, asks the Leopard ; ‘Feelest thou The dread I feel, unknown before? My voice refuses to roar,

Before the morning’s dawn, the Eagle call’d the Vulture, The Raven call’d the Hawk. I heard them from my forests, Saying : “ Let us go up far, for soon I smell upon the wind A terror coming from the South.” The Eagle and Hawk fled away At dawn, and ere the sun arose, the Raven and Vulture follow’d. Saw them depart in dismal droves. The trumpets sounded loud. And all the Sons of Eternity descended into Beulah. Four Zoos, Night IX, II. 5-23, 33-66. 27 day] eternal day MS. ist rdg. asterial day MS. ^nd rdg, 29 And all the while the trumpet sounds : ‘ Awake ye dead and come To Judgement’ : from the clotted gore and from the hollow den MS, 1 st rdg. 47 forests] forests black MS, ist rdg. 361 N 3 Selections from ‘ T'he Four Zoas ’ [The Lament of Albion] 0 weakness and O weariness ! O war within my members ! My sons, exiled from my breast, pass to and fro before me. My birds are silent in my hills ; flocks die beneath my branches \ My tents are fallen \ my trumpets and the sweet sounds of my harp

My milk of cows, and honey of bee's, and fruit of golden harvest Are gather’d in the scorching heat and in the driving rain. My robe is turnM to confusion, and my bright gold to stone. Where once I sat, I weary walk in misery and pain ; For from within my wither’d breast, grown narrow with my woes, The corn is turn’d to thistles, and the apples into poison ; 1 1 The birds of song to murderous crows, my joys to bitter groans ; The voices of children in my tents to cries of helpless infants. And all exilbd from the face of light and shine of morning, In this dark World, a narrow house ! I wander up and down : 15 1 hear Mystery howling in these flames of Consummation. When shall the Man of future times become as in days of old ? O weary life ! why sit I here and give up all my powers 2-15 A slightly altered form of this passage was afterwards engraved for JerusaUnty f. 19, 11 . 1-16, with the general change of the first to third person, and a few other variant readings noted below. 4 sounds] sound Jerusalem,

9 Here follows in Jerusalem the additional line': His Giant beauty and perfection falPn into dust 10 For] Till Jerusalem. wither’d] narrow MS. 1 st rdg, del, 14 all exildd] self-exiled Jerusalem, 15 this] the Jerusalem. i6*a4 Wtg. in Jerusalem where the passage concludes thus ; Seeking for rest and finding none, and hidden far within, His Eon weeping in the cold and desolated Earth. Selections from ‘ The Four Zoas^ To indolence, to the night of death, when indolence and mourning Sit hovering over my dark threshold ? Tho’ I arise, look out 20 And scorn the war within my menabers, yet my heart is weak And my head faint.— Yet will I look again into the mgrning ! Whence is this sound of ragd of men drinking each other^s blood, Drunk with the smoking gore, and red, but not with nourishing wine. Four Zoas^ Night IX, 11 . 98-121. 'Fhey see him whom they have pierc’d ; they wail because of him ; They magnify themselves no more against Jerusalem, nor Against her little ones. The Innocent, accused before the judges, Shines with immortal glory : trembling, the Judge springs from his throne, 4 Hiding his face in the dust beneath the prisoner’s feet, and saying : ‘Brother of Jesus, what have I done? Entreat thy Lord for me ! Perhaps I may be forgiven.*

Ibid,, Night IX, 11 . 264-70. [The Tillage of Urizen] Then seiz’d the sons of Urizen the plough : they polish’d it From rust of ages ; all its ornament of gold and silver and ivory Re-shone across the field immense, where all the nations Darken’d like mould in the divided fallows, where the weed From the blue walls of Heaven, starry, jingling, ornamented With beautiful art, the study of Angels, the workmanship of Demons, When Heaven and Hell in emulation strove in sports of glory. The noise of rural work resounded thro* the heavens of heavens : The horse[s] neigh from the battle, the wild bulls from, the sultry waste, 10 The tigers from the forests, and the lions from the sandy deserts. Selections from ^ T'he Four Zoas ’ I'hey sing ; they seize the instruments of harmony ; they throw away The spear, the bow, the guif, the mortar; they level thf fortificati«^ns ; ^ ' They beat the iron engines of destruction into wedges ; They give them to Urthona’s sons. Ringing, the hammefs sounc^. The heavy roller to break the clods, to pass over the nations. ^ Four Zoas ^ Night IX, 11 . 290-306.

[Song of the Sinless Soul] ‘ Come forth, O Vala ! from the grass and from the silent dew ; Rise from the dews of death, for the Eternal Man is risen ! * She rises among flowers and looks toward the eastern clearness ; She w'alks, yea runs — her feet are winged— on the tops of the bending grass ; Her garments rejoice in the vocal wind, and her hair glistens with dew. 5 She answer’d thus : ‘ Whose voice is this in the voice of the nourishing air, In the spirit of the morning, awaking the Soul from its grassy bed? Where dost thou dwell ? for it is thee I seek, and but for thee I must have slept eternally, nor have felt the dew of thy morning. Look how the opening dawn advances with vocal harmony ! 10 Look how the beams foreshow the rising of some glorious power ! The Sun is thine ; he goeth forth in his majestic brightness. O thou creating voice that callest ! and who shall answer thee ? * Where dost thou flee, O Fair One ! where dost thou seek thy happy place? To yonder brightness? There I haste, for sure I came from thence ; 15

Or I must have slept eternally, nor liave felt the dew of morning.’ Selections from * The Four Zoas ’ * Eternally thou must have slept, nor have felt the morning dew, But for yon nourishing Sun : His that by which thou art arisen. The birds adore the Sun ; the beasSs rise up and play in his beams, And eVery flower and every leaf rejoices in his light. ^ 20 Then, O thou Fair One, sit thee down, for thou art as the grass, Thou r^^est in the dew of morning, and at night art folded up/ ‘ Alas ! am I but as a flower ? Then will I sit me down ; Then will I weep ; then Til complain, and sigh for immortality, And chide my maker, thee O'Sun, that ralsedst me to fall.* ^5 So saying she sat down and wept beneath the apple-trees. * O ! be thou blotted out, thou Sun, that raisedst me to trouble. That gavest me a heart to crave, and raisedst me, thy phantom, To feel thy heart, and see thy light, and wander here alone. Hopeless, if I am like the grass, and so shall pass away/ 30

‘Rise, sluggish Soul! Why sittHt thou here? why dost thou sit and weep ? Yon Sun shall wax old and decay, but thou shalt ever flourish. The fruit shall ripen and fall down, and the flowers consume away, But thou shalt still survive. Arise ! O dry thy dewy tears ! ' ‘ Ha ! shall I still survive ? Whence came that sweet and comforting voice, • 35 And whence that voice of sorrow? O Sun ! thou art nothing now to me : Go on thy course rejoicing, and let us both rejoice together ! I walk among His flocks and hear the bleating of His lambs. 0 ! that I could behold His face and follow His pure feet ! 39 1 walk by the footsteps of His flocks. Come hither, tender flocks ! Can you converse with a pure Soul that seeketh for her Maker ? You answer not : then am I set your mistress in this garden. ril watch you and attend your footsteps. You are not like the birds That sing and fly in the bright air ; but you do lick my feet, And let me touch your woolly backs : follow me as I sing ;

For in my bosom a new Song arises to my Lord : Selections from ‘ T^he Four Zoas' ‘ Rise up, O Sun ! most glorious minister and light of day ! Flow on, ye gentle airs, and bear the voice of my rejoicing ! Wave freshly, clear waters, flowing around the tender grass ; And thou, 'sweet-smelling ground, put fortli thy life in fruit and flowers ! 50 Follow me, O my flocks, and hear me sing my rapturous srang ! I will cause my voice to be heard on the clouds that glitter in tlie sun. I will call, and who shall answer me ? I shall sing ; who shall reply ? For, from my pleasant hills, behold the living, living springs, Running among my green pastures, delighting among my trees ! 55 I am not here alone : my flocks, you are my brethren ; And you birds, that sing and adorn the sky, you are my sisters. I sing, and you reply to my song ; I rejoice, and you are glad. Follow me, O my flocks ! we will now descend into the valley. O, how delicious are tlie grapes, flourishing in the sun ! 60

How clear the spring of the rock, running among the golden sand ! How cool the breezes of the valley ! And the arms of the branching trees Cover us from the sun : come and let us sit in the shade. My Luvah here hath placed me in a sweet and pleasant land. And given me fruits and pleasant waters, and warm hills and cool valleys. 65 Here will I build myself a house, and here I’ll call on His name ; Here I’ll return, when I am weary, and take my pleasant rest.’ Four Zoos, Night IX, 11 . 386-452. [Vala in Lower Paradise] So saying, she arose and walkM round her beautiful house ; And then from her white door she look’d to see her bleating lambs, But her flocks were gone up from beneath the trees into the hills. ‘ I see the hand that leadeth me doth also lead my flocks.’ She went up to her flocks, and tumid oft to see her shining house. Selections from ‘ The Four Zoas^ She stopp’d to drink of the dear spring, and eat the grapes and apples ; 6 She bore the fruits in her lap ; sheigather’d flowers for her bosom.

She coifed to her flocksj saying : * Follow me, O my flcjcks ! * They foUow’d her to the silent valley beneath the spreading trees, ^And on the river’s margin she ungirded her golden girdle ; lo She stood in the river and view’d herseff within the wat’ry glass. And her bright hair was wet with the waters. She rose up from the river, • And as she rose her eyes were open’d to the world of waters ; She saw Tharmas sitting upon the rocks beside the wavy sea. FourZoaSy Night IX, 11 . 469-82.