Mencius

XXVII. Mencius said, " There are the exactions of hempen cloth and silken thread, of grain, and of personal service. Par. 8. Compare with this what is said in the Doctrine of the Mean, ch. xxiv., that "the individual possessed of complete sincerity is like a Spirit.'1 It is said that the expression in the text is stronger than that there, but the two are substantially to the same effect. Ch'ing-tsze says here, " Sage and beyond our knowledge denotes the utmost profundity of sage-hood, what is unfathomable by men. We are not to suppose that above the sage there is another .style of man, — the spirit-man." Some would indeed say here — "the divine man," but that is a rendering of the Chinese term which it never admits of ; and yet in applying to man the term appropriate to Him whose way is in the sea and His judgments a great deep, Chinese writers are guilty of blasphemy in the sense of derogating from the prerogatives of God. Par. 1. Many of the commentators protest against its being supposed from the words of Mencius that he thought worse of the errors of Mih than he did of those of Yang. It is certainly not easy to understand the process of conversion as indicated by our philosopher. We must rank Yang as far more astray than Mih. " Turn to orthodoxy " is, literally, " turn to the learned." "The learned" in Chinese phrase is equivalent to our "the or thodox." The name is still claimed by the followers of Confucius in oppo sition to the Taouists and Buddhists.

Par. 2. Not the orthodox of China only have dealt with recovered heretics in the way that Mencius condemns. CH. XXVII. THE JUST EXACTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD KK The wise ruler requires but one of these [at once], deferring tlie other two. If he require two of them [at once], then, the people die of hunger. If he require the three [at once] , then fathers and sons are separated." XXVIII. Mencius said, ' ' The precious things of the prince of a State are three ; — the territory, the people, and the business of the government. If a prince value as most precious pearls and gems, calamity is sure to befall him." XXIX. PSvan-shing Kwoh having obtained an official situ ation in Ts'e, Mencius said, " He is a dead man, — PSvanshing Kwoh ! " PSvan-shing Kwoh having been put to death, the disciples asked, saying, " How did you know, Master, that he would be put to death ? " Mencius replied, " He was a man who had a little ability, but he had not learned the great principles of the superior man. He was just qualified to bring death upon himself, but for nothing more/'

XXX. 1. "When Mencius went to Tang, he was lodged in the upper palace. A sandal in the process of making had The tax of cloth and silk was due in summer, that of grain after harvest, and personal service, — in war, building, road-making, &c., in winter, when it would not interfere with the labours of husbandry. The government ought to require them at their proper seasons, and only one at a time. CH. XXVIII. THE PRECIOUS THINGS OF THE PRINCE OF A STATE, AND THE DANGER OF HIS OVERLOOKING THEM FOR OTHER THINGS. CH. XXIX. A LITTLE ABILITY, WITHOUT A KNOWLEDGE OF GREAT PRINCIPLES, MAY BE A PERILOUS THING : — ILLUSTRATED BY THE CASE OF P'WAN-SHING KWOH. Compare Confucius' prediction of the death of Tsze-loo ; — Ana. XI. xii. Nothing is known of the P'wan-shing Kwoh here, though Chaou K'e says that he had wished to be a disciple of Mencius, but had soon gone away, not understanding what he heard. CH. XXX. AN AWKWARD DISAPPEARANCE OF A SANDAL FROM MEN CIUS' LODGING. HIS READINESS TO RECEIVE LEARNERS WITHOUT INQUIHING INTO THEIR PAST HISTORY. T'ang, — see on I. Pt II. xiii. " The upper palace " was the name, probably,

been placed there in a window, and when the keeper of the place [came to] look for it, he could not find it. 2. [On this], some one asked [Mencius] about the matter, saying, " Is it thus that your followers pilfer ? " " Do you think, Sir," was the reply, " that they came here for the purpose of pilfering the sandal ? " The man said, " I ap prehend not. But you, Master, having arranged to give lessons, do not go back to inquire into the past, and you do not reject those who come to you. If they come with the mind [to learn], you at once receive them without any more ado." XXXI. 1 . Mencius said, ' ' All men have some things which they cannot bear [to see] ; — extend that feeling to what they can bear, and the result will be benevolence. All men have some things which they will not do ; — extend that feeling to the things which they do, and righteousness will be the result. 2. " If a man can give full development to the feeling which, makes him shrink from injuring others, his benevo lence will be more than can be put into practice. If he can give full development to the feeling which refuses to dig through or jump over [a wall, for a bad purpose], his right eousness will be more than can be put into practice.

3. " If a man can give full development to the real feeling [of dislike] with which he receives [the salutation of] ' Thou/ ' Thou,' he will act righteously in all places and cir cumstances. of a palace in the capital of T'ang, appropriated to the lodging of honour able visitors. CH. XXXI. A MAN HAS ONLY TO GIVE DEVELOPMENT TO THE PRINCI PLES OF GOOD WHICH ARE NATURAL TO HIM AND SHOW THEMSELVES IN SOME THINGS, TO BE ENTIRELY GOOD AND CORRECT. Par. 1. Compare II. Ft I. vi. ; et al. The sentiment of this chapter is continually insisted on by Mencius ; but it supposes that man has much more power over himself than he really has. Par. 3. "Thou," "Thou," is a style of address greatly at variance with Chinese notions of propriety. It can only be used with the very young and the very mean. However it may be submitted to occasionally, there is a real feeling 6f dislike to it ; and if a man be as careful to avoid all other things which would make him be looked down upon, or liberties be taken with him, he will everywhere quit himself as a righteous man.

380 THE WORKS OP MENCIUS. [l3K VII. 4. " When a scholar speaks what lie ought not to speak, by his speaking seeking to gain some end, and when he does not speak what he ought to speak, by his silence seeking to gain the same end ; — both these cases are of a piece with digging through or jumping over a wall." XXXII. 1. Mencius said, "Words which are plain and simple, while their scope is far-reaching, are good words. Principles which, as held, are compendious, while their ap plication is extensive, are good principles. The words of the superior man do not go below the girdle, but [great] prin ciples are contained in them. 2. " The principle which the superior man holds is that of personal cultivation, bat all under heaven is thereby tran quillized. 3. " The disease of men is this : — that they neglect their own fields and go to weed the fields of others, and that what they require from others is great, while what they lay upon themselves is light." XXXIII. 1. Mencius said, " Yaou and Shun were what they were by nature ; T'ang and Woo were so by returning to [their natural virtues].

2. " When all the movements in the countenance and every turn [of the body], are exactly according to propriety, CH. XXXII. THE WAY TO ARRIVE AT WHAT is REMOTE is TO ATTEND TO WHAT IS NEAR. WHAT ARE GOOD WORDS AND GOOD PRINCIPLES. WHEREIN WEN ERR IN DEALING WITH THEMSELVES AND OTHERS. Par. 1. "Do not go below the girdle," — see the Book of Kites, I. Pt II. ch. iii. 14, where we have the rule for looking at the sovereign, the eyes not going above his collar nor below his girdle. Generally, the ancient rule was — not to look at a person below the girdle, so that all above might be considered as plain and near, beneath the eyes. Chaou K;e says merely that " words not below the girdle are from near the heart." Par. 2. This is the explanation of good principles, — compendious, but of extensive application. It is a good summary of the teaching of " The Great Learning." CH. XXXIII. THE VIRTUE OP THE HIGHEST SAGES, AND HOW OTHER MEN Par. 1. Compare Pt I. xxx. Par. 2. Here is the highest virtue, where everything is done right, with no motive beyond the doing so. If the dead be mourned for as the tribute

that shows the greatest degree of complete virtue. Weeping— 7 for the dead [should be] the expression of [real] sorrow, ' and not as the [proper affection] of the living. The regu lar path of virtue [is to be pursued] without any bend, from no view to emolument. Words should be in themselves' sincere, not with a desire to make one's conduct [appear to 3. " The superior man obeys the law [of right], and waits simply for what is appointed. " XXXIV. 1. Mencius said, " Those who give counsel to great men should despise them, and not look at their pomp and display. '2. "Halls several times eight cubits high, with beams projecting at the eaves several cubits ; — these, if I could realize my wishes, I would not have. Food spread before me over ten cubits square, and attendant girls to the num ber of several hundred ; — these, if I could realize my wishes, I would not have. Pleasure and drinking, and the dash of hunting, with a thousand chariots following after me ; — these, if I could realize my wishes, I would not have. What they esteem are what I would have nothing to do with ; what I esteem are the rules of the ancients. — Why should I stand in awe of them ? "

XXXV. Mencius said, " For nourishing the mind there is nothing better than to make the desires few. Here is a man whose desires are few : — there may be some [fight due to them from the living, a depraving element has been admitted into the grief. Par. 3. Here is a virtue equally correct as the above, but from an intel lectual constraint. Clf. XXXIV. HE WHO UNDERTAKES TO COUNSEL THE GREAT SHOULD IN HIS TASTES AND PRINCIPLES BE FAR ABOVE THEM. Pur. 1, The '• great men " here are merely the socially great. Mencius had special reference to the princes and nobles of his time, dignified by their position, but with no corresponding moral qualities. Par. "2. This is a good description of Mencius' own tastes and principles, but it is somewhat magniloquent. CH. XXXV. THE REGULATION OF THE DESIRES IS ESSENTIAL TO THE HEALTHY MORAL NOURISHMENT OF THE MIND. A truly valuable utterance. THE WORKS OF MEXCirs. [i>K VIT. qualities] not kept in his heart, but they will be few. Here is a man whose desires are many ; — there may be some [right qualities] kept in his heart, but they will be few."

XXXVI. 1. Mencius said, " Tsang Seih was fond of sheep-dates, and [his son] Tsang-tsze could not bear to eat them." 2. Kung-sun Ch/ow asked, saying, " Which is better, — minced meat and roasted meat, or sheep-dates ? " Mencius said, " Mince and roast-meat to be sure ! " Kungsun Ch/ow went on, "Then why did IVmg-tsze eat mince and roast-meat, while he would not eat sheep-dates ? " "For mince and roast-meat," was the reply, "there is a common liking, while that for sheep-dates was peculiar. We avoid the name, but do not avoid the surname. The surname is common, but the name is peculiar/' XXXVII. 1. Wan Chang asked, saying, " Confucius, when he was in Ch'in, said, 'Why not return ? The scholars of my school are ardent and hasty. They advance and seize [their object], but do not forgot their early ways.' When Confucius was in Chfin, why did he think of the ambitious scholars of Loo ? " 2. Mencius replied, " Confucius, not getting men who CH. XXXVI. THE FILIAL FEELING OF TSANG-TSZE SEEN IN HIS NOT Par. 1. Tsang Seih and Tsang-tszo, — see IV. Ft I. xix. The "sheep's date" was, probably, the fruit of the zlxyphnsjiijuba.

Par. 2. Seih's liking for the sheep's dates was peculiar, so that the sight of them brought him vividly back to his son, who therefore could not bear to eat such dates. There are many rules for avoiding the names of parents, ancestors, rulers, &c. ; — see the Book of Rites, I. Pt I. Ch. v. 15 — 20 ; ct al. This is peculiar, probably, to the Chinese, to avoid calling a sou by the name of the father. CH. XXXVII. THE CHARACTER OF MANY OF CONFUCIUS' DISCIPLES. THE SAGE HAS ONE OBJECT, — TO GET MEN TO PUHSUE THE PERFECT PATH. HE HATES ALL MERE SEMBLANCES, AND ESPECIALLY THOSE WHO ARE CONSIDERED BY THE MULTITUDE GOOD, CAREFUL MEN, WHO YET HAVE NO HIGH AIM OR AMBITION. Par. 1. See Ana. V. xxi. ; though the text there is considerably different from what we find here. Perhaps Kung-sun Ch'ow quoted loosely from memory. Par. 2. Most of Mencius' reply here is taken from the words of Confucius in Ana. XIII. xxi. would pursue the due medium, felt that he must take the ardent and cautiously-decided. The ardent would advance and seize [their object] ; the cautiously-decided would keep themselves from certain things. It is not to be thought that Confucius did not wish for men pursuing the due medium, but being unable to assure himself of finding such, he there fore thought of the next class."

3. " I venture to ask," [said Ch'ow,] " what sort of men they were who could be called ' the ardent ? ' : 4. " Such," was the reply, " as K'in Chang, Tsang Seih, and Muh P'ei were those whom Confucius styled ' the ardent/ " 5. " Why are they styled ' the ardent ?" 6. [Mencius] said, " Their aim led them to talk magniloquently, saying, ' The ancients ! The ancients ! ' But their actions, compared with [their words] , did not come up to them. 7. " When he found that neither could he get those who were [thus] ardent, he wished to get scholars who would consider anything impure as beneath them, and to com municate [his instructions] to them. These were the cau tiously-decided, — a class next to the other." 8. [Chang pursued his questioning] , " Confucius said, ' They are only the good careful people of the villages at whom I feel no indignation when they pass my door without entering my house. Your good careful people of the vil lages are the thieves of virtue/ What sort of people were they who could be styled ' the good careful people of the villages ? ' '

9. [Mencius replied], "They say [of the ardent], ' Why are they so magniloquent? Their words have not respect to their actions, nor their actions to their words, and then they say, " The ancients ! The ancients ! " [And] why do these — [the cautiously-decided] — act so peculiarly, and carry themselves so cold and distant ? Born in this age, we should be of this age ; — to be [deemed] good is all that is needed/ Par. 4. K'in Chang was the Laou mentioned in Ana. IX. vi. 4. Tsang Seih is the same who appears in the preceding chapter. Of Muh P;ei nothing is known. Par. 8. The first part of the saying here attributed to Confucius is not found in the Analects. For the second see XVII. xiii. Parr. 9 to 12 contain a good description of the parties in hand. 384 THE WORKS OP MEXCIUS. [fiK VII. Eunuch-like flattering their generation, — sucli are your good careful men of the villages." 10. Wan Chang said, " Their whole village st}7les those men good and careful. In all their conduct they are so. "Why was it that Confucius considered them to be the thieves of virtue ? "

11. [Mencius] replied, "If you would blame them, you find nothing to allege. If you would criticize them, you have nothing to criticize. They agree with the current cus- toms ; they are at one with an impure age. Their principles have a semblance of right-heartedness and truth ; their con duct has a semblance of disinterestedness and purity. All men are pleased with them, and they think themselves right, so that it is impossible to proceed with them to the princi ples of Yaou and Shun. Ou this account they are called ' the thieves of virtue/ 12. " Confucius said, ' I hate a semblance which is not the reality. I hate the ?//;w-weed, lest it be confounded with the growing corn. I hate glib-tonguedness, lest it be confounded with righteousness. I hate sharpness of tongue, lest it be confounded with sincerity. I hate the notes of Ch'ing, lest they be confounded with [true], music. I hate the reddish-blue, lest it be confounded with vermilion. I hate your good careful men of the villages, lest they be con founded with the [truly] virtuous/ 13. " The superior man would simply bring back the un changing standard [of truth and duty]. That being rectified, the masses of the people are roused [to virtue] . When they are so aroused, forthwith perversities and glossed wickedness disappear."

XXXVIII. 1. Mencius said, " From Yaou and Shun down to T'ang were five hundred years and more. As to Yu and Kaou Yaou, they saw [those earliest sages], and [so] knew Piir. \'2. These sayings of Confucius aro only found here. Such a string them is not in the sage's style. The notes of Ch'ing, — see Ana. XV. x. G. CH. XXXVIII. ON THE TRANSMISSION OF THE LINE OF DOCTHIXE FROM YAOU ro CONFUCIUS. SAOES MAY BE EXPECTED TO ARISE AT INTERVALS OF ABOUT FIVE HUNDRED YEARS. MENCIUS MIGHT HIMSELF CLAIM TO BE A TRANSMITTER OF CONFUCIUS' DOCTRINES. I'm-. 1. According to the received chronology, from the commencement [tlieir doctrines], while T'ang heard those doctrines [as transmitted], and [so] knew them. 2. " From T'ang to king Wan were five hundred years and more. As to E Yin and Lae Choo, they saw [T'ang], and [so] knew [his doctrines], while king Wan heard them [as transmitted], and so knew them. 3. " From king Wan to Confucius were five hundred years and more. As to T'ae-kung Wang and San E-sang, they saw [Wan], and [so] knew his doctrines, while Confucius heard them [as transmitted], and [so] knew them.

4. " From Confucius to now there are [only] a hundred years and [somewhat] more ; — so far from being remote is the distance from the sage in point of time, and so very near at hand was the sage's residence. In these circum stances, is there no one [to transmit his doctrines] ? Yea, is there no one [to do so] ? " of Yaou's reign to T'ang were more than 550 years. Mencius uses a round number. Par. 2. From T'ang to king Wan were more than 600 years. Lae Choo was, perhaps, Chung-hwuy, T'ang's minister ; — see the Book of History, IV. ii. Par. 3. San E-sang or San-e Sang was an able minister of king Wan ; but little more is known of him. Par. 4. The concluding two sentences wonderfully Arex commentators ; but all agree that Mencius somehow takes on himself the duty and responsi bility of handing down the doctrines of Confucius. — Compare what he says in II. Ft II. xiii. ; III. Pt II. x. ; et al. Absurdity of a ruler not following vise counsellors, I. Pt II. ix. Acknowledged favours, how Mencius, VI. Pt II. v. Action, faith necessary to firmness in,

YI. Pt II. xii. Adherence to one course, against obsti nate, VII. Pt I. xxvi. Advantages, the greatest, of friendship, V. Pt II. viii. Advice of Mencius with regard to mourning, III. Pt I. ii. Adviser of the princes might always be perfectly satisfied, how an, VII. Pt Affliction, benefits of, VII. Pt I. xviii. Aged, the, were nourished by the go vernment of king Wan, VII. Pt I. xxii. Ages, different conduct of great men in different, reconcileable, IV. Pt II. xxix. Agreement of sages not affected by place or time, IV. Pt II. i. Agriculture, importance of a ruler at tending to, III. Pt I. iii. — a ruler should not labour at, with his own hands, III. Pt I. iv. Air, how one's material position affects his, VII. Pt I. xxxvi. Ambition, and avarice, evils of, I. Pt II. xi. — of Hwuy of Leaiig, VII. Pt II. i. Ambitious, who among Confucius' dis ciples were the, VII. Pt II. xxxvii. Ancient (s), the, shared their pleasures with the people, I. Pt I. ii. — sur passed other men, in what, I. Pt I. vii. — the uiusic of the, I. Pt II. i. — true kings, tours of inspection made by, I. Pt II. iv. : VI. Pt II. vii.— coffins used by the, II. Pt II. vii. — sages, how all men may become equal to the, III. Pt I. i. — kings practised benevolent government, III. Pt II. v. — Mencius appeals to the example and maxims of the, III. Pt II. vii. — kings, the example and principles of, must be studied, IV. Pt I. i. ; ii. — the, exchanged sons, each one teach ing the son of the other, IV. Pt I. xviii. — making friends of the, V. Pt II. viii. — the, cultivated the nobility that is of Heaven, VI. Pt I. xvi.— scholars maintained the dignity of their characters, how, VII. Pt I. viii. — and modern rule contrasted, VII. Pt II. viii.— the, led men by their example, VII. Pt II. xx.

Animals, man how much different from, IV. Pt II. xix. Antiquity, the example of, VII. Pt I. ix. " Appetites, the superior man subjects his, to the will of Heaven, VII. Pt II. xxiv. Archer, he who would be benevolent is like an, II. Pt I. vii. Archery, learning, IV. Pt II. xxiv. : VI. Pt I. xx. Arrangement of dignities and emolu ments according to the dynasty of Chow, V. Ft II. ii. Association, influence of, III. Pt II. vi. : VI. Pt I. ix.— with those of whom one does not approve, unavoid able, III. Pt II. x. Attainment, real,uiust be made by the learner for himself, VII. Pt II. v. Authority, punishment should be in flicted only by the proper, II. Pt II. Barbarians, influence of the Chinese on, III. Pt I. iv. Barley, illustration taken from, VI. Pt I. vii. Beauty, the love of, compatible with royal government, I. Pt II. v. — only moral, is truly excellent, IV. Pt II. xxv. Behaviour of Mencius with an un worthy associate, II. Pt II. vi. Benefits of trouble and affliction, VII. Pt I. xviii. Benevolence, and righteousness, I. Pt I. i. : VI. Pt II. iv. — belongs natur ally to man, II. Pt I. vi. : IV. Pt

I. x. : VI. Pt I. i. : VII. Pt 1. xv. ; Pt II. xvi.— exhortation to, II. Pt I. vii. — importance to all of exercising, IV. Pt I. ii. — the only security of a prince, IV. Pt I. vii. ; viii. ; ix. — filial piety the richest fruit of, IV. Pt I. xxvii. — the superior man pre serves, IV. Pt II. xx viii. — and right eousness equally internal, VI. Pt I. iv. ; v. — it is necessary to practise with all one's might, VI. Pt I. xviii. — must be matured, VI. Pt I. xix. — and righteousness, the difference between Yaou and Shun, T'ang and Woo, and the five Chiefs in relation to, VII. Pt I. xxx. — the empire can be got only by, VII, Pt II. xiii. Benevolent government, I. Pt I. v. ; vii. : III. Pt I. iii. : IV. Pt I. i.— safety and prosperity lie in, I. Pt II. xi. — attections of the people secured by, I. Pt II. xii. — glory the result of, II. Pt 1. iv. — the prince who sets about practising has none to fear, III. Pt II. v.

Bodily defects, how men are sensible of, VI. Pt I. xii. — organization, only a sage can satisfy the design of his, VII. Pt I. xxxviii. Book of Kites, quotations from, II. Pt II. ii. : III. Pt II. iii. Brilliant Palace, the, I. Pt II. v. Burial, Mencius', of his mother, II. Pt II. vii. — of a Mihist's parents, III. Calamity and happiness, are men's own seeking, II. Pt I. iv. — the superior man is beyond the reach of, IV. Pt II. xx viii. Calumny, comfort under, VII. Pt II. xix. Careful, the thought of consequences should make men, VII. Pt II. vii. Cattle and sheep, illustration taken from feeding, II. Pt II. iv. Character, how men judge wrongly of, VII. Pt I. xxxiv. — different degrees of attainment in, VII. Pt II. xxv. Charge of one's-self the greatest of charges, IV. Pt I. xix. Chess-playing, illustration from, VI. Pt I. ix. Chief ministers, the duties of, V. Pt II. ix. Chiefs of the princes, the five, VI. Pt II. vii. Chieftain of the princes not a sovereign of the kingdom, II. Pt I. iii. — in fluence of a, different from that of a true sovereign, VII. Pt I. xiii. Child-like, the great man is, IV. Pt

II. xii. Comfort under calumny, VII. Pt II. xix. Common relations of life, importance of, to the prosperity of the kingdom, IV. Pt I. xi. Compass and square, use of the, IV. Pt I. ii. Concert, the character of Confucius a complete, V. Pt II. i. Condemnation of Hwuy of Luang, VII. Pt II. i. Confidence of the Sovereign, how to obtain, IV. Pt I. xii. Consequences, the thought of, should make men careful^ VI. Pt II. vii. Conspicuous mound, monopolizing the, II. Pt II. x. Constitution, benevolence and right eousness part of man's, VII. Pt I. xv. Conviction, how Mencius brought home, II. Pt II. iv. Cookery, E Yin's knowledge of, V. Pt I. vii. Corn, assisting, to grow, II. Pt I. ii. Corrupt times are provided against by established virtue, VII. Pt II. x. Counselling princes from the ground of profit, danger of, VI. Pt II. iv. Counsellors of great men should be morally above them, VII. Pt II. xxxiv. Counsels for the government of a State, III. Pt I. iii. , Courses, two, open to a prince pursued by his enemies, I. Pt II. xv. — of Yaou and Shun, VI. Pt II. ii. Court, Mencius would not pay, to a favourite, IV. Pt II. xxvii.

Cultivation, men's disregard of self-, VI. Pt I. xiii. — men may become SUBJECTS IN THE WORKS OF MENCIUS. [iNPEX T. Yaous and Shuns by the, of their prin ciples and ways, VI. Pt II. ii. — of the mind must not be intermitted, VII. Pt II. xxi. Death or flight, whether should be chosen, I. Pt II. xv. — there are things which men dislike more than death, VI. Pt I. x. — how Mencius predicted the, of P'wan Shing-kwoh, VII. Pt II. xxix. Decencies may not he expected, where virtues are wanting, VII. Pt I. xliv. Decrees of Heaven, man's duty as af fected by the, VII. Pt I. ii. Deeds, not words or manners, prove mental qualities, IV. Pt I. xvi. Defects, men are sensible of bodily, but not of mental or moral, VI. Pt 1. xii. Defence, of Shun's conduct, V. Pt I. ii. ; iii. — of E Yin, V. Pt I. vii. — of Confucius, V. Pt I. viii. — of accept ing presents from oppressors of the people, V. Pt II. iv. Degeneracy, the progress of, from the three kings to the five chiefs of the princes, VI. Pt II. vii. Deluge, the Chinese, III. Pt I. iv. ; Pt II. ix. : IV. Pt II. xxvi. ; VI. Pt

Desires, the regulation of, essential, VII. Pt II. xxxv. Developing their natural goodness may make men equal the ancient sages, III. PtI. i. : Vll.Ptll. xxxi. Dignities, arrangement of, in the dyn asty of Chow, V. Pt II. ii. Dignity, how the ancient scholars maintained their, VII. Pt I. viii. — how Mencius maintained his, with , the princes, VII. Pt II. xxiii. Disappointment of Mencius with the king Se'ang, I. Pt I. vi. Discrimination of what is right and wrong must precede vigorous rightdoing, IV. Pt II. viii. Disgraceful means which men take to seek wealth and honour, IV. Pt II. xxxiii. Disposition, a man's true, will often appear in small matters, VII. Pt II. xi. Disputing, Mencius not fond of, III. Pt II. ix. Dissatisfaction with a parent, not necessarily unfilial, VI. Pt II. iii. Division of labour, propriety of the, III. Pt I. iv. Doctrine, of the Mihists refuted, III. Pt I. v.— heretical, III. Pt II. ix.— of the Mean, quotation from the, IV. Pt I. xii. — of the sages, to be ad vanced to by successive steps, VII. Pt I. xxiv. — on the transmission of, from Yaou to Mencius' own time, VII. Pt II. xxxviii.

Duties which the virtuous and talented owe to the young and ignorant, IV. Pt II. vii. — of difl'ereut classes of chief ministers, V. Pt II. ix. Duty, man's, how affected by the de crees of Heaven, VII. Pt I. ii. — be nevolence the path of, VII. Pt II. xvi. Dynasties, Ht:a, Yin, and Chow, II. Pt I. i. : 111. Pt I. iii. : V. Pt II. vi. : —Chow, II. Pt II. xiii. : V. Pt II. ii.— the three, III. Pt I. iii. : IV. Pt I. iii. ; Pt II. xx. — He'a and Yin, IV. Pt I. ii. — Shangor Yin, and Chow, IV. Pt I. vii. Earth, advantages of situation afforded ^ by the, II. Pt II. i. Earth-worm, an over-fastidious scholar compared to an, III. Pt II. x. Education, importance of a ruler at tending to, III. Pt I. iii. Elated by riches, not to be, a proof of superiority, VII. Pt I. xi. Emoluments, arrangement of, in the Chow dynasty, V. Pt II. ii. Emperor, friendship with an, V. Pt II. iii. — equanimity of Shun as an, VII. Pt II. vi. Empire or whole kingdom, by whom the torn, may be united, I. Pt I. vi. — king Hwuy's competence to obtain the, I. Pt I. vii. — employment of Mencius would be for the good of the whole, II. Pt II. xii. — the, the State, the Family, IV. Pt I. v. — the way to get the, IV. Pt I. ix. : VII. Pt II. xiii. • — tranquillity of, dependent on what, IV. Pt I. xi.— a drowning, IV. Pt I. xvii. — how Shun got the, V. Pt I. v. — how Shun would have regarded abandoning the. VII. Pt I. xxxv.

End, the, may justify the means, VII. Pt I. xxxi. Enjoyment, man's nature the source of his true, VII. Pt I. xxi. Equanimity of Shun in poverty, and as emperor, VII. Pt II. vi. Error of a Mihist refuted, III. Pt I. v. ; Pt II. ix. Errors of Yang, Mih, and Tsze-moh, VII. Pt I. xxvi. ; Pt II. xxvi. Evil, a warning to the violently, and the weakly, IV. Pt I. x. — speaking, brings with it evil consequences, IV. Pt II. ix. Exactions, just, should be made with discrimination, VII. Pt II. xxvii. Example, influence of, III. Pt. II. vi. — influence of a ruler's, IV. Pt II. v. — the ancients led men by, VII. Pt II. xx. Excellence, how a prince may subdue men by, IV. Pt II. xvi. Excusing of errors, how Mencius beat down the, II. Pt II. ix. Exhortation to benevolence, II. Pt I. vii. Explanation of friendly intercourse with K'wang- Chang, IV. Pt II. xxx. — of the different conduct of Tsang and Tsze-sze, IV. Pt II. xxxi. — of Slum's conduct towards his brother, V. Pt I. iii. — id. towards the emper or Yaou, and his father Koo-sow, V. Pt I. iv. — of the Odes Seaou P'wan and K'ae Fang, VI. Pt II. iii.

Extreme cases must not be pressed to invalidate a principle, VI. Pt II. i. Faith, the necessity of, VI. Pt II. xii. Fame, a love of, may carry a man over great difficulties, VII. Pt II. xi. Father, why a, does not himself teach his own son, IV. Pt I. xviii. Favour to individuals, good govern ment does not lie in, IV. Pt II. ii. — how Mencius acknowledged a. VI. Pt II. v. Favourite, Mencius would not pay court to a, IV. Pt II. xxvii. Filial piety, to have posterity, a part of, IV. Pt I. xxvi. — in relation to be nevolence, &c., IV. Pt I. xxvii. — how Shun valued and exemplified, IV. Pt I. xxviii. — seen in the obse quies of parents, IV. Pt II. xiii. — of K'wang Chang, IV. Pt II. xxx.— great, of Shun, V. Pt I. i. ; iv. — of Ts&ng-tsze seen, VII. Pt II. xxxvi. Firmness of Hwuy of Lew-hea, VII. Pt I. xxviii. First judgments are not always correct, IV. Pt II. xxiii. Five things which are unfilial, IV. Pt II. xxx.— injunctions of a covenant of the princes, VI. Pt II. vii.— ways in which the sage teaches, VII. Pt

Force, submission secured by, II. Pt I. iii. Forester refusing to come to the king of Ts'e when called by a flag, V. Pt Four limbs, principles of the mind com pared to the, II. Pt I. vi. — different classes of ministers, VII. Pt I. xix. Fraternal obedience, in relation to righteousness, &c., IV. Pt I. xxvii. —affection of Shun, V. Pt I. iii. Freedom of Mencius, as unsularied, to speak out his mind, II. Pt II. v. Friends, carefulness in making, IV. Pt II. xxiv. Friendship, the principles of, V. Pt II. iii. ; vii. ; viii. Gain, the love ofr~and_the love of good, contrasted, VII. Pt I. xxv. Generosity of Mencius in receiving pupils, VII. Pt II. xxx. Gifts of princes, how Mencius declined or accepted, II. Pt II. iii. Glory the result of benevolent govern ment, II. Pt I. iv. God, rulers and teachers assisting to, I. Pt II. iii. — the ordinances of, II. Pt I. iv. : IV. Pt I. iv.— the decree of, IV. Pt I. vii. — who may sacrifice to, IV. Pt II. xxv. • Good, sages and worthies delighted in what is, II. Pt I. viii. — importance to a government of loving what is,

VI. Pt II. xiii.— man is fitted for, and happy in doing, VII. Pt I. iv. (See Nature} — people should get their inspiration to, in themselves, VII. Pt I. x.— the love of, and the love of gain contrasted, VII. Pt I. xxv.— words and principles, what are, VII. Pt II. xxxii. Goodness, different degrees of, VII. Pt Government, character of king Hwuy's, I. Pt I. iii. ; iv. — the love of music subservient to good, I. Pt II. i. — bad, of the king of Ts'e, I. Pt II. vi. — of a kingdom, counsels for the, III. Pt I. iii. — there is an art of, which requires to be studied by rulers and their ministers, IV. Pt I. i. — the ad ministration of, not difficult, IV. Pt I. vi. — the influence of king Wan's, IV. Pt I. xiii.— good, lies in equal measures for the general good, IV. Pt II. ii. — the aged were nourished by king Wan's, VII. Pt I. xxii.— the well-being of the people the first care of a, VII. Pt I. xxiii. Grain, illustration from growing, I. Pt Great, Houses, a ruler should secure the esteem of the, IV. Pt I. vi. — services, Heaven prepares men for, how, VI. Pt II. xv.

Great man, Mencius' conception of the, III. Pt II. ii. — makes no mistakes in propriety and righteousness, IV. Pt II. vi. — simply pursues what is right, IV. Pt II. xi.— is child-like, IV. Pt SUBJECTS IN THE WOKKS OF MENCIUS. [iNDEX T. II. xii. — in good men a reconciling1 principle will be found for the out wardly different conduct of, IV. Ft II. xxix. — how some are, VI. Pt I. xv. — he who counsels, should bo morally above them, VII. Pt II. xxxiv. Grief of Mencius at not finding an op portunity to do good, II. Pt II. xiii. Half measures of little use, I. Pt I. iii. Hearts, of men, importance of getting the, II. Pt II. i. : IV. Pt I. ix —the pupil of the eye index of the, IV. Pt I. xv. — how to nourish the, VII. Pt Heaven, delighting in, and fearing, I. Pt 11. iii. — attaining to the royal dignity rests with, I. Pt II. xiv. — a man's way in life is ordered by, I. Pt II. xvi. : V. Pt I. viii. — he who has no eneiii*' in the kingdom is the minister of, II. Pt I. v. — opportuni ties vouchsafed by, II. Pt 11. i. — only the minister of, may smite a nation, II. Pt II. viii. — the superior man does not murmur against, 11. Pt II. xiii. — submission of States determined by, IV. Pt I. vii. — Shun got tlie empire by the gift of, V. Pt

I. v. 's plan in the production of mankind, V. Pt I. vii. ; Pt 11. i. • — 's places, offices, and emoluments, V. Pt II. iii. — has given us, what, VI. Pt I. xv.— the nobility of, VI. Pt I. xvi. — prepares men by trials and hardships, VI. Pt II. xv. — by the study of ourselves we come to the knowledge of, VII. Pt 1. i.— what may be correctly ascribed to the ap pointment of, VII. Pt I. ii.— con ferred nature, the bodily organs a part of the, VII. Pt I. xxxviii. — how the superior man regards the will of, Vll. Pt II. xxiv. Hereditary monarchy, Mencius' views on, V. Pt I. v. ; vi. Heretics, recovered, should not have their old errors cast in their teeth, Vii. PtII. xxvi. Hire, the labourer is worthy of his, III. Pt II. iv. History, quotations from, III. Pt I. ii. ; Pt II. i. Honour, the true, which men should desire, VI. Pt I. xvii. Husbandry, importance of, III. Pt I. iii. : VII. Pt I. xxii. ; xxiii. — a ruler should not labour at, with his own hands, III. Pt I. iv. Hypocrisy, Shun defended against a

charge of, V. Pt 1. ii. Imperial, ortrueroyal, government, cha racteristics of, I. Pt I. vii. — dignity, attained by true royal government, I. Pt II. v. : II. Pt I. v.— id. by doing •what is good and right, I. Pt II. xiv. —government, Mencius wished to see, and could have realized, a true, II. Pt I. i. — sovereign should arise every 500 years, II. Pt II. xiii. — sway, not one of the things in which the superior man delights, VII. Pt Impulses must be weighed in the bal ance of reason, IV. Pt II. xxiii. Inability, defined, I. Pt I. vii. Inauspicious words, what are most truly, IV. Pt II. xvii. Influence, of king Wan's government, IV. Pt I. xiii. — a man's, depends on his personal example and conduct, VII. Pt II. ix. — Pih-e, &c., proved to he sages by the permanence of their, VII. Pt II. xv. Injunctions, five, in a covenant of the princes, VI. Pt II. vii. Insinuations of Shun-yn K'wan, how Mencius repelled the, VI. Pt II. vi. Inspiration to good, people should get in themselves, VII. Pt I. x. Instrumentality of others atfects one's way in life, how far, I. Pt II. xvi.

Intercourse with neighbouring king doms, I. Pt II. iii. — of Mencius with the princes of his time, III. Pt Internal, the foundation of righteous ness is, VI. Pt I. iv. ; v. Judgment concerning Pih-e andHwuy of Lew-hea, II. Pt 1. ix. Judgments, first, not always correct, IV. Pt II. xxiii. — of character, how men form wrong, VII. Pt I. xxxiv. Killing a sovereign not necessarily murder, I. Pt II. viii. — men, a prince should not have pleasure in, I. Pt I. vi. — the character of, does not de pend on the instrument used, I. Pt I. iv. — the innocent, consequences of, IV. Pt II. iv. Kings, the three, VI. Pt II. vii. Kingdoms, intercourse with neighbour ing, I. Pt II. iii. — the disposal of, rests with the people, I. Pt II. x. Knowledge ought to be pursued, how, IV. Pt II. xxvi. Labour, propriety of the division of, III. Pt I. iv.— only that, to be pur sued, which accomplishes the object, VII. Pt I. xxix. Labourer, the. is worthy of his hire, III. Pt II. iv. Law in himself, a man has but to obey the, VII. Pt I. xvii. Learner (s), teachers of truth must not

lower their lessons to suit, VII. Pt I. xii. — himself, real attainment must be made by the, VII. Pt II. v. Learning, inwrought into the mind, the value of, IV. Pt II. xiv. — consists in seeking the lost mind, VI. Pt I. xi. — must not be by halves, VI. Pt I. xx. Leaving Loo and Ts'e, Confucius', VII. Pt II. xvii. Lessons, the, of the sage, reach to all classes, VII. Pt I. xl. Lettered class conducting government, propriety of a, III. Pt I. iv. Life, not nature, VI. Pt I. iii. — there are things which men like more than, VI. Pt I. x. Limbs, the principles of the mind com pared to the, II. Pt I. vi. Lingering, Mencius, in Ts'e, II. Pt II. xii. Little men, how some are, VI. Pt I. xv. Lords of reason, how some are, VI. Pt Losses, how a ruler may take satisfac tion for, I. Pt I. v. Loving what is good, importance of, to government, VI. Pt II. xiii. Man, the nobility that is of, VI. Pt I. xvi. — the honour that is of, VI. Pt I. xvii. — the duty of, as affected by the decrees of Heaven, VII. Pt I. ii. — is fitted for and happy in doing good,

VII. Pt I. iv. — has but to obey the law in himself, VII. Pt I. xvii. — be nevolence in relation to, VII. Pt II. xvi. Marriage of Shun justified, IV. Pt I. xxvi. : V. Pt I. ii. Masters, be not many, IV. Pt I. xxiii. Mean, doctrine of the, referred to, IV. Pt II. vii.— Confucius kept the, IV. Pt II. x.— T'ang held fast the, IV. Pt II. xx. Means, the end may justify the, VII. Pt I. xxxi. Measure, with what, a man metes, it will be measured to him again, IV. Pt I. iv. Medium, Confucius and Mencius called to the pursuit of the right, VII. Pt Men, importance of a prince gaining the hearts of. II. Pt II. i. Mental qualities proved by deeds, not by words, IV. Pt I. xvi. Messenger, Mencius offended because a prince sent for him by a, II. Pt II. ii. Middle kingdom, the, I. Pt I. vii. : III. Pt I. iv. ; Pt II. ix. : V. Pt I. v. : VI. Pt II. x. Mind, all men are the same in, VI. Pt I. vii. — in danger of being injured by poverty and a mean condition, VII. Pt I. xxvii. — the cultivation of the, must not be intermitted, VII. Pt II. xxi.

Minister(s), care to be exercised in em ploying, I. Pt II. vii. — the, of Hea ven only may smite a nation, II. Pt II. viii. — Mencius condemns the pur suit of warlike schemes by, IV. Pt I. xiv. — the truly great, directs his efforts to the sovereign's character, IV. Pt I. xx. — will serve their sove reign according as he treats them, IV. Pt II. iii.— the duties of chief, V. Pt II. ix. — of Mencius' time pandered to their sovereign's thirst for wealth and power, VI. Pt II. ix. — four different classes of, VII. Pt I. xix. Moral, beauty alone truly excellent, IV. Pt II. xxv. — excellence, the superior man cultivates, IV. Pt II. xxviii. — influences, the value of, to a ruler, VII. Pt I. xiv. Mountain, illustration from the trees of the New, VI. Pt I. viii. Mourning for parents, 1. Pt II. xvi. : III. Pt I. ii. : V. Pt I. iv. ; v. ; vi. : VII. Pt I. xxxix. ; xlvi. Mugwort, illustration taken from, IV. Murder, what Shun would have done if his father had committed a, VII. Murmur at the hardest measures, when the people will not, VII. Pt I. xii.

Music, the love of, I. Pt II. i. — the rich est fruit of, IV. Pt I. xxvii.— of Yu and king "Wan, VII. Pt II. xxii. Music-master, the grand, I. Pt II. iv. Nature, the, of man good, III. Pt I. i. : VI. Pt I. i. ; ii. ; vi. ; vii. — not to be confounded with the phenomena of life, VI. Pt I. iii. — appears as if it were not good, how, VI. Pt I. viii. ; ix. — to love righteousness more than life is proper to man's, VI. Pt I. x. — how men should seek the lost qualities of their, VI. Pt I. xi. — re lative importance of the different parts of the, VI. Pt I. xiv. — Heaven is served by obeying our, VII. Pt I. i.— man's own, the most important thing to him, &c., VII. Pt I. xii.— SUBJECTS IN THE WORKS OF MENCIUS. [iNDEX I. of man, and the appointment of Hea ven, VII. Ft II. xxiv. Natural benevolence and righteousness of man, only requires development to be more than sulficieiit, VII. Pt II. xxxi. Neighbouring states, intercourse with, I. Ft II. iii. Nobility that is of Heaven and that is of man, VI. Pt I. xvi.

Nourishment, the nature of man seems bad from not receiving its proper, VI. Pt I. viii. — of the different parts of the nature, VI. Ft I. xiv. Object of Confucius and Mencius, what was the, VII. Pt II. xxxvii. Obscurity, how what Shun was dis covered itself in his greatest, VII. Pt I. xvi. Obstinate adherence to a course deemed right, against, VII. Pt I. xxvi. Odes, quotations from the, I. Pt I. ii. ; vii. ; Ft II. iii. ; v. : II. Pt I. iii. ; iv. : III. Ft I. iii. ; iv. ; Ft II. i. ; ix. : IV. Pt I. i. ; ii. ; iv. ; vii. ; ix. : V. Pt 1. ii. ; iv. ; Ft II. vii. : VI. Pt I. vi. ; xvii. : VII. Pt I. xxxii. ; Ft II. xix. Office, Mencius giving up his, II. Pt II. x. ; xi. ; xii. ; xiii. : VI. Pt II. vi. — to be sought, but only by the proper path, III. Pt II. iii. : V. Pt I. viii. — may be taken on account of poverty, when, V. Pt II. v. — grounds of taking and leaving, VI. Pt II. xiv.

Oth'ciousness, Mencius repelling, II. Pt II. xi. Opposition of Mencius to warlike am bition, VI. Pt II. viii. Ox, king Hwuy's compassion for an, I. Ft I. vii. Parents, burial of, III. Pt I. v. (sec Mourning). — the right manner of serving, iV. Pt I. xix. ; Pt II. xiii. Parks and hunting, the love of, &c., I. Pt II. ii. Parts of the nature, relative importance of different, VI. Pt I. xiv. Passion-nature, Mencius nourished his, II. Pt I. ii. Pecuniary considerations, Mencius not influenced by, II. Pt II. x. People, rulers must share their plea sures with the, I. Pt I. ii. — love of valour may subserve the good of the, I. Ft II. iii. — the disposal of king doms rests with the, I. Pt II. x. — the affections of the, only secured by be nevolent government, I. Pt II. xii. : IV. Pt I. ix. 's happiness disre garded by the ministers of Mencius' time, IV. Pt I. xiv. — the part of the, in making an emperor, V. Pt I. v. — how to promote the virtue of the, VII. Pt I. xxiii.— the most import ant element in a nation, VII. Pt II. xiv.

Personal character, importance of, IV. Pt I. v. Pictures of Pih-e and Hwuy of Le'whea, II. Pt I. ix. Phenomena, importance of carefully studying, IV. Pt II. xxvi. Pleasure, rulers must share with the people, I. Pt I. ii. ; Pt II. i. ; iv. Position, how one's material, affects his air, VII. Pt I. xxxvi. Poverty, when office may be taken on account of, V. PtII. v. — import ance of not allowing the mind to be injured by, VII. Pt I. xxvii. — equanimity of Shun in, VII. Pt II. vi. Praise and blame not always according to desert, IV. Pt I. xxi. Precious things, three, of a prince, VII. Pt II. xxviii. Precipitate advances will be followed by speedy retreats, VII. PtI. xliv. Prediction of P'wan-shing Kwoh's death by Mencius, VII. Pt II. xxix. Prepares himself for the duties to which he aspires, how a scholar, VII. Pt I. xxxiii. Presents, Mencius defends accepting, from oppressors of the people, V. Pt II. iv. — of a prince to a scholar, how to be made and accepted, V. Pt IL vi. — how Mencius acknowledged, VI. Pt II. v. Presumptuous idea of Pih Kwei, that he could regulate the waters better than Yu did, VI. Pt II. xi.

Prince, a, should employ ministers, how, I, Pt II. vii. — should depend on himself, not on other Powers, I. Pt II. xiii. — threatened by neigh bours should act, how, I. Pt II. xiv. —two courses open to, when pursued by his enemies, I. Pt II. xv. — should get the hearts of men, II. Pt II. i. — — slighting Mencius, II. Pt II. ii. — the, who sets about practising be nevolent government has none to fear, III. Pt II. v. — benevolence the only security of a, IV. Pt I. vii. — a vicious, the agent of his own ruin, IV. Pt I. viii. — importance of rectifying a, IV. Pt I. xx. — presents of a, to a scholar, how to be made and accepted, V. Pt II. vi.— threo precious things of a, VII. Ft II. xxviii. Princes, the only topics of Mencius with, I. Pt I. i.— a chieftain of the, not a sovereign of the kingdom, II. Pt I. iii. — the, of Mencius' time failed in true royal government, II. Pt I. v. — Mencius declining or accepting gifts of, II. Pt II. iii. : V. Pt II. iv. — Mencius' reserve with the, of his time, III. Pt II. i. — Mencius defends himself for not going to see the, III.

* Pt II. vii.-r- why a scholar should decline going to see, when called by them, V. Pt II. vii. — danger of counselling from the ground of profit, VI. Pt II. iv. — influence of a chief among the, different from that of a true sovereign, VII. Pt I. xiii. — of his time, Meucius censures the, VII. Pt I. xlvi. — how Mencius main tained his own dignity with the, VII. Pt II. xxxiv. Principles, one must live or die with his, &c., VII. Pt I. xlii. Profit, secondary to benevolence and righteousness, I. Pt I. i. : VI. Pt Progress of degeneracy in successive ages, VI. Pt II. vii. Prompt action, necessity of, at the right time, IV. Pt II. iv. Propriety, belongs naturally to man, II. Pt I. vi. — parents should be served, &c., according to, III. PtI. ii. — help to the world should be given according to, IV. Pt I. xvii. — the richest fruit of, IV. Pt I. xxvii. — the great man makes no mistakes in, IV. Pt II. vi.— the superior man preserves, IV. Pt II. xxviii. — im portance of observing the rules of, VI. Pt II. i. Prosperity of a country, on what de pendent, I. Pt I. i.

Pupil of the eye, the index of the heart, IV. PtI. xv. Purity, pretended, of Ch'in Chung, III. Record, quotation from a, III. Pt II. iii. Remote, against aiming at what is, VII. Pt II. xxxii. Repelling ofticioubness, Mencius, II. Pt II. xi. Reproof, the benefit of, IV. Pt I. xxii. — Mencius', of Yoh-ching, IV. Pt, 1. xxiv. ; xxv. — of Kong-sun Ch'ow, VII. Pt I. xxxix. Reputation, the value of, to a ruler, VII. Pt I. xiv. Reserve, Mencius defends his, with the princes of his time, III. Pt II. i. Respected, that a scholar be, is essential to his engaging in a prince's service, VII. Pt I. xxxvii. Riches, not to be elated by, a proof of superiority, VII. Pt I. xi. Righteousness belongs naturally to man, II. Pt I. vi. : VI. Pt I. i.— the straight path, IV. Pt I. x.— fraternal obedience the richest fruit of, IV. Pt 1. xxvii. — the great man makes no mistakes in, IV. Pt II. vi. — internal, not external, VI. Pt I. iv. ; v. — to be loved more than life, VI. Pt I. x. Ripe grain, illustration from, VI. Pt Ritual Usages, quotation from the, III.

Pt II. ii. Royal government, the great principles of, I. Pt I. iii. ; iv. — will assuredly raise to the highest dignity, I. Pt II. v. — various points of, neglected in Mencius' time, II. Pt I. v. Ruin, a vicious prince the agent of his own, IV. Pt I. viii. Rulers, should share their pleasures with the people, I. Pt I. ii. — should follow the advice of the wise, I. Pt II. ix. — should sympathize with the people in their joys and sorrows, I. Pt II. iv. — should not labour at hus bandry with their own hands, III. Pt I. iv. — should study the example and principles of the ancient kings, IV. Pt 1. i. ; ii. — importance of be nevolence to, IV.JPt I. iii. ' ex ample, influence of, IV. Pt II. v. — will not be murmured at when their aim is evidently the people's good, VII. Pt I. xii. — the value of reputa tion and moral influences to, VII. Pt I. xiv. Rules, the necessity of governing ac cording to, IV. Pt I. i. ; ii. Sacrifice, allusions to, III. Pt I. ii. ; Pt II. iii. ; v. : IV. Pt II. xxv. ; xxxiii. : VI. Pt II. vi. : VII. Pt II. xiv.

Sage, Mencius not a, II. Pt I. ii. — only with a, does the body act ac cording to its design, VII. Pt I. xxxviii. — the lessons of the, reach to all classes, VII. Pt I. xl. Sages, when they arise, will agree with Mencius, III. Pt II. ix. — the human relations perfectly exhibited by, IV. Pt I. ii. — the agreement of, not affected by place or time, IV. Pt II. i. — are distinguished from other men, how, IV. Pt II. xix. ; xx. ; xxi. ; xxii. — just like other men, IV. Pt II xxxii. : A~I. Pt 1. vii.— Confuci us superiorlo all other, V. Pt II. i. — the great doctrines of the, to be advanced to by successive steps, Vll. Pt I. xxiv. — Pih-e, &c., proved to be, by the permanence of their in fluence, VII. Pt II. xv, — definition of a, VII. Pt II. xxv.— the perfect virtue of the highest, VII. Pt II. xxxiii. Satistied, how an adviser of the princes may be always perfectly, VII. Pt I. ix. Scholar (a), the, ought to be remuner ated, III. Pt 11. iv. — may accept presents from a prince, on what principles, V. Pt II. vi.— should de cline going to see the princes \vheii called by them, why, V. Pt II. vii. —forming friendships, rules for, V. Pt II. viii. — ancient, maintained the dignity of their character, Ace., how, "VII. Pt I. viii. — prepares himself for the duties to which he aspires, VII. Pt 1. xxxiii. — must Le re spected in order to his engaging in the service of a prince, Vll. Pt I. xxxvii.

Self, the charge of, greatest, IV. Pt I. xix. Self-cultivation, men's disregard of, VI. Pt 1. xiii. Self-examination recommended, IV. Pt I. iv. — the superior man practises, IV. Pt 11. xxviii. Self-restraint necessary to a ruler, I. Pt II. iv. Selling himself, Pih-le He vindicated from the charge of, V. Pt I. ix. Senses, all men have the same, VI. Pt 1. vii. — some are slaves of the, VI. Settling the empire, I. Pt I. vi. Shame, the value of the feeling of, Ml. Pt I. vi. ; vii. Sheep-dates, Tsang-tsze could not eat, VII. Pt II. xxxvi. Shifts, Mencius put to, II. _Pt II. ii. Shoo-kmg, quotations from the, I. Pt 1. ii. ; Pt II. iii. ; xi. : II. Pt I. iv. : III. Pt 1. i. ; Pt II. v. ; ix. : IV. Pt I. viii. : V. Pt I. v. : VI. Pt II. v. — with what reservation Mencius read the, VII. Pt II. iii. Sickness, Mencius pretends, II. Pt II. ii. Sincerity, the great work of men should be to strive after perfect, IV. Pt 1. xii. Slaves of sense how some are, VI. Pt Sorrow of Shun on account of his parents, V. Pt I. i.

Sovereign, killing a, not necessarily murder, I. Pt II. viii. — of the whole kingdom, who is a, II. Pt I. iii. — importance of having virtuous men about a, III. Pt II. vi. ; — 's example, influence of, IV. Pt II. v. — influence of a true, VII. Pt I. xiii. — a, the least important element of a nation, VII. Pt II. xiv. Sovereigns, will be served by their ministers according as they treat them, IV. Pt II. iii. — the ministers of Mencius' time pandered to their, VI. Pt II. ix. Spirit-man, who is a, VII. Pt II. xxv. Spirits, tutelary, the importance of, to a nation, VII. Pt II. xiv. ' Spring -and- Autumn, The,' referred to, 111. Pt II. ix. : IV. Pt II. xxi. : State, three things important in the administration of a, VII. Pt II. xii. States, intercourse of neighbouring, I. Pt II. iii. — rise and fall of, de pendent on benevolence, IV. Pt I. iii. — subjection of, to one another, determined differently at different times, IV. Pt I. vii. Straits, why Confucius was reduced to, VII. Pt II. xviii. Subjection of one State to another, how detei mined, at ditt'erent times, IV. Pt I. vii.

Successive steps, the doctrines of the sages to be advanced to by, VII. Pt Superior man, the, keeps away from his cook-room, I. Pt I. vii. — helps men to practise virtue, II. Pt I. viii. — will not follow narrow-minded ness, &c., II. Pt I. ix. — will not take a bribe, II. Pt II. iii. — will not be niggardly to his parents, II. Pt II. vii. — of ancient and of modern times contrasted, II. Pt II. ix. — does not murmur against Heaven, &c., II. Pt II. xiii. — makes difliculty about taking office, why, III. Pt II. iii. — the spirit nourished by, may be known, how, III. Pt II. vii.— does not himself teach his son, why, IV. Pt I. xviii. — wishes to get hold of what he learns, as in himself, IV. Pt II. xiv. ; xv. — is ashamed of a reputation beyond his merits, IV. Pt II. xviii — cultivates moral excel lence, &c., IV. Pt II. xxviii. — may be deceived, in what respects, V. Pt I. ii. — all do not understand the con duct of, VI. Pt II. vi. — serves his [INDEX i. SUBJECTS IN THE WORKS OP MENCIUS.

prince, how, VI. Pt II. viii. — taking- and leaving office, grounds of, VI. Pt II. xiv. — has three things in which he delights, VII. Pt I. xx. — finds his true enjoyment in his own nature, VII. Pt I. xxi. ; — 's services to a country, without his heing in office, entitle him to support, VII. Pt I. xxxii. — is kind to creatures, loving to men, and affectionate to his relatives, VII. Pt I. xlv. — speaks of his nature, and of the will of Heaven, how, VII. Pt II. xxiv. — the words and the principles of, VII. Pt II. xxxii. Sympathy of a ruler with the people in their joys and sorrows, I. Pt II. iv. Superiority, not to be elated by riches, a proof of, VII. Pt I. xi. Talents, and virtue, how to know men of, I. Pt II. vii. — a ruler should be guided by men. of, I. Pt II. ix. — duties owing by men of, to those who have not, IV. Pt II. vii. Taxation, III. Pt I. iii. ; Pt II. viii. : VI. Pt II. x. Teacher, a, in a higher place than a minister, IV. Pt II. xxxi. — of truth, must not lower his lessons to suit learners, VII. Pt I. xli.

Teaching, refusing to teach, may also be a way of, VI. Pt II. xvi. Territory, emoluments regulated ac cording to the extent of, in a State, V. Pt II. ii. Thought, how many act without, VII. Pt I. v. Three, things universally acknow ledged to be honourable, II. Pt II. ii.— kings, the, VI. Pt II. vii.— things in which the superior man 'delights, VII. Pt I. xx. — things im portant in the administration of a State, VII. Pt II. xii. — precious things of a prince, VII. Pt II. xxviii. Throne, the, descended to Yu's son, and not to his minister, why, V. Pt I. vi. Thumb amongst the fingers, Ch'in Chung compared to the, III. Pt II. x. Topics of Mencius with princes, I. Pt 1. i. ; vii.: II. Pt II. ii. Touch, males and females must not allow their hands to, IV. Pt I. xvii. Tours of inspection of the ancient kings, I. Pt II. iv. : VI. Pt II. vii. Tranquillity of the kingdom dependent on the discharge of the common duties of life, IV. Pt I. xi. Transmission of doctrine from Yaou to Mencius, VII. Pt II. xxxviii. Trials and hardships, how Heaven pre pares men by, VI. Pt II. xv.

Trifles, Mencius censures the princes of his time for occupying themselves with, VII. Pt I. xlvi. Trouble and affliction, the benefits of, VII. Pt I. xviii. Truth, how Mencius required the simple pursuit of, in his pupils, VII. Pt I. xlii. Tyrant, what will be the fate of a, IV. Pt I. ii. Ulcer-doctor, Confucius charged with lodging with an, V. Pt I. viii. Unfilial, five things which are, IV. Pt Unperturbed mind, Mencius had at tained to an, II. Pt I. ii. Unsalaried, Mencius free to speak his opinion, &c., because, II. Pt II. v. ; xiv. Unworthy associate, Mencius' behavi our with an, II. Pt II. vi. Valour, the love of, I. Pt II. iii. — how nourished, II. Pt I. ii. Villages, the good careful people of the, described, VII. Pt II. xxxvii. Vindication, of E Y in,V. Pt I. vii.— of Confucius from the charge of lodging with unworthy characters, V. Pt I. viii.— of Pih-le He, V. Pt I. ix. — of Mencius from the charge of eating the bread of idleness, Vii. Pt I. xxxii. Virtue, submission secured by, II. Pt I. iii. — friendship must have refer ence to the, of the friend, V. Pt II. iii. — is sure to be gained by seeking it, but external things not, VII. Pt

I. iii. — man may attain to perfect, VII. Pt I. iv. — of the people, how to promote, VII. Pt I. xlii. — corrupt times are provided against by estab lished, VII. Pt II. x.— of the high est sages, VII. Pt II. xxxiii. Virtues, where are wanting, decencies may not be expected, VII. Pt I. xliv. Virtuous men, importance of having, about a sovereign's person, III. Pt Vox populi vox Dei, V. Pt I. v. Warlike and other schemes of the min isters of his time condemned by Mencius, IV. Pt II. xiv. : VI. Pt II. viii. Warning to the violently evil and the weakly evil, IV. Pt 1. x. — to Sung Kang, VI. Pt II. iv.— to the con- SUBJECTS IN THE WOEKS OP MENCIUS. [ INDEX I. tending: States of Mencius' time, VII. Pt II. ii. Wars, all the, in the Ch'un Ts'ew were unrighteous, VII. Pt II. ii. — coun sels against, VII. Pt II. iv. "Way, a man's, in life, ordered by Hea ven, I. Pt II. xvi. — of truth like a great road, VI. Pt II. ii. Wealth, the love of, compatible with royal government, I. Pt II. v. — dis graceful means which men take to seek, IV. Pt II. xxxiii. — and power, the ministers of Mencius' time pan dered to their sovereigns' thirst for, VI. Pt II. ix.

Well-being- of the people, the first care of a government, in oWler to their virtue, VII. Pt I. xxiii. Well, digging a, VII. Pt I. xxix. Will, the, is the leader of the passionnature, II. Pt I. ii. Willow, man's nature compared to the ke, VI. Pt I. i. Wisdom the richest fruit of, IV. Pt I. xxvii. Words, Mencius understood, II. Pt I. ii. — what are most truly inauspi cious, IV. Pt II. xvii. World, one cannot avoid all connection with those whom he disapproves, in the, III. Pt II. x. WTrongs should be put right at once, III. Pt II. viii Names in Italics will be found in their own places in this Index with additional Chang E, a celebrated scholar of Wei, III. PtII. ii. Chang, K'wang Chang, a minister of Ts'e, IV. Pt II. xxx. Ch'ang Seih, a disciple of Kung-ming Kaou, V. Pt I. i. ; Pt II. iii. Chaou Keen, a noble of Tsin, III. Pt Chaou the Great, a title borne by dif ferent ministers of Tsin, VI. Pt I. xvii. Ch'aou-woo, a hill on the north of Ts'e, I. Pt II. iv. Che-shaou, the name of a piece of music, I. Pt II. iv.

Ch'e Wa, appointed chief criminal judge of Ts'e, II. Pt II. v. Chih, a famous robber of Confucius' time, III. Pt II. x. : VII. Pt I. xxv, Ch'in Chung, an ascetis of Ts'e, III. Pt II. x. : VII. Pt I. xxxiv. Ch'in Kea, an officer of Ts'e, II. Pt II. ix. Ch'in Luang, a philosopher, III. Pt I. iv. Clriii Seang, a disciple of Ch'in Lijang, III. Pt I. iv. Ch'in Tae, a disciple of Mencius, III. Pt II. i. Ch'in Tsin, a disciple of Mencius, II. Pt II. iii. ; x. : VI. Pt II. xiv. : VII. Pt II. xxiii. Ch'in, the State of, V. Pt I. viii. : VII. Pt II. xviii. ; xxxvii. Ch'ing the State of, IV. Pt II. ii. ; xxiv. : V. Pt I. ii. : VII. Pt II. xxxvii. China, a minister of the State of Ch'in, V. Pt I. viii. Ch'oo, a minister of Ts'e, IV. Pt II. xxxii. : VI. Pt II. v. Choo-fung, the birth-place of Shun, IV. Pt II. i. Chow, the State and dynasty, I. Pt II. iii. : II. Pt I. i. ; Pt II. xiii. : III. Pt I. iii. ; Pt II. v. : IV. Pt I. vii. ;

Pt II. i. : V. Pt I. iv. ; vi. ; Pt II. ii. ; iv. ; vii. Chow, a city on the southern border of Ts'e, II. Pt II. xi. ; xii. Chow, the last emperor of the Yin dynasty, I. Pt II. viii. : II. Pt I. i. : III. Pt II. ix. : IV. Pt I. i. ; ix. ; xiii. : V. Pt I. vi. ; Pt II. i. : INDEX II.] FROPEK NAMES IN THE WORKS OF MENCIUS. 307 VI. Pt I. vi. : VII. Pt I. xxii. Chow-kung, or the duke of Chow, II. Pt. I. i. ; Pt II. ix. : III. Pt I. i. ; iv. ; Pt II. ix. : IV. Pt II. xx. : V. PtI. vi. : VI. Pt II. viii. Chow, the prince of Ch'in in Confuci us' time, V. Pt I. viii. Chow Seaou, a scholar of Wei, III. Pt Chuen-foo, a hill on the north of Ts'e, I. Pt II. iv. Chung-jin, a son of the emperor T'ang, V. Pt I. vi. Chung-ne, Confucius, I. Pt I. iv. ; vii. : III. Pt I. iv. : IV. Pt II. xviii. Ch'ung Yu, a disciple of Mencius, II.

Pt II. vii. ; xiii. Chuy-keih, a place in Tsin, famous for gems, V. Pt I. ix. Chwang, a street in the capital of Ts'e, III. Pt II. vi. Chwang Paou, a minister at the court of Ts'e, I. Pt II. i. Confucius, II. Pt I. i.— iv. : III. Pt I. iv. ; Ptll. i. ; iii. ; vii. ; ix. : IV. Pt I. ii. ; vii. ; viii. ; xiv. ; Pt II. xviii. ; xxi. ; xxii. ; xxix. : V. Pt I. iv. ; vi. ; viii. ; Pt II. i. ; iv. ; vii.: VI. Pt I. vi. ; viii. ; Pt II. iii. ; vi. : VII. Pt I. xxiv. ; Pt II. xvii. ; xix. ; xxxvii. ; xxxviii. E, a famous archer of great antiquity, IV. Pt II. xxiv. : VI. Pt I. xx. : VII. Pt I. xli. E Che, a follower of Mih, III. Pt I. v. E Yin, a minister of T'ang, II. Pt I. ii. ; Pt II. ii. : V. Pt I. vi. ; vii. ; Pt II. i. : VI. Pt II. vi. : VII. Pt I. xxxi. ; Pt II. xxxviii. Fan, a city of Ts'e, VII. Pt I. xxxvi. Fei-leen, a favourite minister of the

tyrant Chow, III. Pt II. ix. Foo-hea, a place where Shun dwelt, IV. Pt II. i. Foo Yueh, the minister of the king Kaou-tsung, VI. Pt II. xv. Fung-foo, a scholar of Tsin, famous for seizing tigers, VII. Pt II. xxiii. Gan, or Ngan, the principal minister of Ts'e, I. Pt II. iv. : II. Pt I. i. Goh-ching or Yoh-ching, the double surname of K'ih, a disciple of Men cius, I. Pt II. xvi. : IV. Pt I. xxiv. ; xxv. : VI. Pt II. xiii. : VII. Ptll. Hae T'ang, a famous worthy of Tsin, V. Pt II. iii. Han, one of the three families which governed the State of Tsin, VII. Pt . I. xi. Han, the name of a stream, III. Pt Haou-sang Puh-hae, a man of Ts'e, VII. Pt II. xxv. He, a favourite of Chaou Keen, III. Pt II. i. Hea dynasty, I. Pt II. iv. : II. Pt I. i. : HI. PtI. iii. : IV. PtI. ii. : V. Pt I. vi. ; vii. ; Pt II. iv. Heaou, the duke of Wei, V. Pt II. iv. Heen-k'ew Mung, a disciple of Men cius, V. Pt I. iv. Heu King, a heresiarch, III. Pt I. iv.

Heun-yuh, a tribe of barbarians, I. Pt Hew, a place in the district of T'ang, in the department of Yen-chow, II. Pt II. xiv. Ho, the name of a river, the Yellow river, III. Pt II. ix. Hoo Heih, a man, name, I. Pt I. vii. Hwa Chow, an officer of Ts'e, slain in battle, VI. Pt II. vi. Hwae, the name of a stream, III. Pt I. iv. ; Pt II. ix. Hwan, Hwan T'uy, a high officer of Sung, V. Pt I. viii. Hwan, the duke of Ts'e, B.C. 683— 642, I. Pt I. vii. : IV. Pt II. xxi. : VI. Pt II. vii. Hwau-taou, Yaou's minister of in struction, V. Pt I. iii. Hwuy, the posthumous epithet of Yung, king of Leang, a State in Tsin, I. Pt I. i.— v. : VII. Pt II. i. Hwuy of Lew-hea, posthumous title of Chen Hwoh, an officer of Loo, II. Pt I. ix. : V. Pt II. i. VI. Pt II. vi. : VII. Pt I. xxxviii. ; Pt II. xv. Hwuy, the duke of Pe, V. Pt II. iii. Jin, a small State, VI. Pt II. i. ; v. Joo, the name of a stream, III. Pt I. iv.

Kah, or Koh, a city in Ts'e, II. Pt II. vi.: III. PtII.x. Rang, younger brother of the prince of T'ang, VII. Pt I. xliii. K'ang, hon. epithet of Fung, brother of king Woo, V. Pt II. iv. Kaou, the philosopher, named Puhhae, II. Pt I. ii. : VI. Pt I. i.— iv. ; vi. Kaou, a disciple of Mencius, II. Pt II. xii. : VII. Pt II. xxi. ; xxii. Kaou, a disciple of Tsze-hea, VI. Pt Kaou-kih, a distinguished minister of 398 PROPER NAMES IN THE WORKS OP MENCIUS. [iNDEX II. the tyrant Chow, II. Pt I. i. : VI. Pt II. xv. Kaou-t'ang, a place in the west of Ts'e, VI. Pt II. vi. Kaou Yaou, a minister of Shun, III. Pt I. iv. : VII. Pt I. xxxv. ; Pt II. xxxviii. Ke, a small State in Shan-se, II. Pt I. i. Ke, a mountain in Ho-nan, V. Pt I. vi. K'e. the viscount of "VVei in Shan-se, VI. Pt I. vi. K'e, the son of the emperor Yu, V. Pt K'e, the name of a mountain, and also of the old State of Chow, I. Pt II. v. ; xiv. ; xv. : IV. Pt II. i. K'e, the name of a stream, VI. Pt II.

vi. Ke family, the family of Ke K'ang of Loo, IV. Pt I. xiv" Ke Hwaii, the head of the lie family in the latter days of Confucius, V. Pt II. iv. Ke Leaug, an officer of Ts'e, slain in battle, VI. Pt II. vi. Keang, the Yang-tsze river, III. Pt I. iv. ; Pt II. ix/ Keang, the lady of, I. Pt II. v. Keaou, a brother of the prince of Ts'aou, VI. Pt II. ii. Keeh, the tyrant, I. Pt I. ii. ; Pt II. viii. : IV. Pt. I. ix. : V. Pt I. vi. ; vii. : VI. Pt II. ii. ; vi. ; ix. ; x. Keuh-shaou, the name of a piece of music, I. Pt II. iv. Ken, the name of an ancient State, I. Pt II. iii. Keu-sin, the governor of P'ing-luh, II. Pt II. iv. Keuh, a place in Tsin, famous for hor.-es, V. Pt I. ix. K'ew, the name of Yen Yew, a disciple of Confucius, IV. Pt I. xiv. Kih, a small State adjoining to Tsin, V. Pt 1. ix. K 'in Chang, named Laou, a disciple of Confucius, VII. Pt II. xxxvii. King, a place punished by the duke

He of Loo, III. Pt I. iv. ; Pt II. ix. King, the duke of Ts'e, B.C. 546—488, I. Pt II. iv. : III. Pt I. i. ; Pt II. i. : IV. Pt I. vii. : V. Pt II. vii. King Ch'ow, an officer of Ts'e, II. Pt King Ch'un. a man who plumed him self on his versatility, HI. Pt II. ii. Koh, the name of a State in Ho-nan, 1. Pt II. iii. ; xi. : III. Pt II. v. Koh, or Kah, a city in Ts'e, II. Pt II. vi. : III. Pt II. x. Koo-sow, Shun's father, IV. Pt I. xxviii. : V. Pt I. ii. ; iv. : VI. Pt I. vi. : VII. Pt I. xxxv. Kow-tseen, the name of a prince in the Leeh Kwoh, I. Pt II. iii. K'ung, Keu-sin, II. Pt II. iv. Kung C'he-ke, an officer of the State of Yu, V. Pt I. ix. Kung-e, prime minister of Loo, VI. PtII. vi. Kung-hang, an officer of Ts'e, IV. Pt II. xxvii. Kung-lew, the duke Lew, an ancestor of the Chow family, I. Pt II. v. Kung-ming E, a disciple, first of Tsze- c.hang, and then of Tsansr, Sin, III.

Pt 1. i. ; PtII. iii.; ix. /IV. Pt II. xxiv. Kung-ming Kaou, a disciple of Tsang Sin, V. Pt I. i. Kung-sboo, a celebrated mechanist of Loo, named Pan, now the god of carpenters, IV. Pt I. i. Kung-sun Ch'ow, a disciple of Menci- us, II. Pt 1. i. ; ii. ; Pt II. ii. ; vi. ; xiv. : HI. Pt II. vii. : IV. Pt, I. xviii. : VI. Pt II. iii. ; xiii. : VII. Pt I. xxxi. ; xxxii. ; xxxix, ; xli. ; Pt II. i. ; xxxvi. Kung-sun Yen, a celebrated scholar of Wei, III. Pt II. ii. Kune-too, a disciple of Mencms, II. Pt II. v. : III. Pt II. ix. : IV. Pt II. xxx. : VI. Pt I. v. ; vi. ; xv. : VII. Pt I. xliii. Kwau barbarians, I. Pt II. iii. K'wan, the father of the emperor Yu, V. PtI. iii. Kwan Chung, by name E-woo, min ister of II wan, duke of Ts'e, II. Pt I. i. ; PtII. ii. : VI. PtII. xv. Kwan-shuh, an elder brother of the duke of Chow, II. Pt II. ix. K'wang, music-master and wise coun sellor of Tsin, IV. Pt I. i. : VI. Pt I. vii.

K'wang Cluing, a minister of Ts'e, III. Pt II. x. : IV. Pt II. xxx. K'wei-k'ew, the place where the duke Hwan assembled the princes, VI. Pt II. vii. Lae Choo, the minister of T'ang, VII. Pt 11. xxxviii. Lang-yav, a mountain and city in Ts'e, 1. Pt II. iv. Le, a cruel emperor of the Chow dyn asty, VI. Pt I. vi. Le Low, a man of Hwang-te's time, of very acute vision, IV. Pt I. i. INDEX II.] PROPER NAMES IN THE WORKS OF MENCIUS. 399 Leang, the state of Wei in Tsin, so called from its capital, I. Ft I. i. — vi. : VII. Ft II. i. Ling, the duke of Wei, V. Ft II. iv. Ling-k'ew, a city on the border of Ts'e, II. Ft II. v. Loo, the native State of Confucius, I. Ft II. xii. ; xvi. : II. Ft II. vii. : III. Ft I. ii. : IV. Ft II. xxi. : V. Ft I. viii. ; Ft II. i. ; iv. : VI. Ft II. vi. ; viii. ; xiii. : VII. Ft I. xxiv. ; xxxvi. ; Ft II. xvii. ; xxxvii. Lung, an ancient worthy, III. Ft I. iii. : VI. Ft I. vii.

Mang, Mang K'o, Mencius, I. Ft II. xvi. Mang Chung, a nephew, or perhaps a son, of Mencius, II. Ft II. ii. Mang Heen, a worthy minister of Loo. V. Ft II. iii. Mang Ke, a younger brother of Mftng Chung, VI. Ft I. v. Mang Fun, a celebrated bravo of Ts'e, II. Ft I. ii. Mang She-shay, a man of valour, II. Ft I. ii. Me, an unworthy favourite of the duke Ling, V. Ft I. viii. Meen K'eu, a man of Ts'e, who taught a slow style of singing, VI. Ft II. vi. Mih Teih, a heresiarch, III. Ft I. v. ; Ft II. ix. : VII. Ft I. xxvi. Mih, barbarous tribes of the North, VI. Ft II. x. Mih K'e, a person whose words are quoted, VII. Ft II. xix. Min Tsze-k'een, a disciple of Confuci us, II. Ft I. ii. Ming-teaou, the place where Shun died, IV. Ft II. i. Muh, the residence of the tyrant Keeh, V. Ft I. vii. Muh, the posthumous epithet of the duke of Loo, I. Ft II. xii. : II. Ft II. xi. : V. Ft II. vi. ; vii. : VI. Ft II. vi. Muh, the duke of Ts'in, B.C. 659—620,

V. Ft I. ix. : VI. Ft II. vi. Muh Chung, a friend of Mang Heen. V. Ft II. iii. Muh F'ei, an ambitious man, VII. Ft Nan-yang, the name of a place, VI. New mountain, the, VI. Ft I. viii. Ngan, or Gan, the principal minister of Ts'e, I. Ft II. iv. : II. Ft I. i. North Sea, the, V. Ft II. i. F'ang Kang, a disciple of Mencius, III. Ft II. iv. P'ang Mung, the pupil and murderer of the archer E, IV. Ft II. xxiv. Pe, a place in the State of Loo, V. Ft II. iii. Fe-kan, an uncle of the tyrant Chow, II. Ft I. i. : VI. Ft I. vi. Peih Chen, a minister of the State of T'ang, III. Ft I. iii. Peih-ying, the place where king Wan died, IV. Ft II. i. Pih-e, hon. epithet of a worthy of the Shang dynasty, II. Pt I. ii. ; ix. : III. Pt H. x. : IV. Pt I. xiii. : V. Pt II. i. : VI. Pt II. vi. : VII. Pt I. xxii. ; Pt II. xv. Pih Kwei, styled Tan, an ascetic of Chow, VI. Pt II. x. ; xi. Pih-kung E, an officer of Wei, V. Pt

Pih-kung Yew, a bravo of Wei, II. Pt Pih-le He, a chief minister of the duke Muh of Ts'in, V. Pt I. ix. : VI. Pt II. vi. ; xv. Pin, a settlement founded by Kung- lew, I. Pt II. xiv. P'ing, the duke of Loo, I. Pt II. xvi. P'ing, the duke of Tsin, B.C. 556—631, V. Pt II. iii. P'ing-luh, a city on the southern border of Ts'e, II. Pt II. iv. : VI. Pt II. v. Poh, a city in Ho-nan, T'ang's capital, III. Pt II. v. : V. Pt I. vi. ; vii. P'wan-shing Kwoh, an officer of Ts'e, VII. Pt II. xxix. San E-sang, an able minister of King Wan, VII. Ft II. xxxviii. San Meaou, the State of, V. Pt I. iii. San-wei, a region in the West, V. Pt I. iii. Se, the lady, a celebrated beauty of Confucius' time, IV. Pt I. xxv. Seang, the half-brother of Shun, V. Pt I. ii. ; iii. : VI. Pt I. vi. Seang, hon. epithet of Hih, king of Leang, I. Pt I. vi. Seen, the name of an ancient princi pality adjoining T'iing, I. Pt II. xiv. : II. Ft II. iii. Seeh, Shun's minister of instruction,

III. Ft I. iv. Se'6 Keu-chow, a minister of Sung, III. Ft II. vi. Seeh Lew, Tsze-Ktv, a disciple of the Confucian school, II. Ft II. xi. : III. Pt II. vii. Seu, a place punished by the duke He of Loo, HI. Pt I. iv. ; Ft II. ix. PEOPER NAMES IN THE WORKS OP 1TENCIUS. [INDEX II. Seu Peih, a disciple of Mencius, III. Pt I. v. : IV. Pt II. xviii. Seuen, the king of Ts'e, B.C. 332, I. Pt I. vii. ; Pt II. i.— xi. : IV. Pt II. iii. : V. Pt II. ix. : VII. Pt I. xxxix. Shuns, the dynasty, III. Pt II. v. : She, an officer of Ts'e, II. Pt II. x. Shih-k'e w, a place in Sung, VI. Pt II. iv. Shin-nung, the second of the Five emperors, III. Pt I. iv. Shin Kuh-le, minister of the prince of Loo, VI. Pt II. viii. Shin Ts'eang, a son of Tsze-chaug, Coniucius' disciple, II. Pt II. xi. Shin T'uug1, a high minister of Ts'e, II. Pt II. viii. Shin-yew, a friend of the philosopher Tsang, IV. Pt II. xxxi. Shin-yew Hing, a disciple of Tsang, IV. Pt II. xxxi. Shing Kan, a person whose words are

quoted, III. Pt I. i. Shun, the emperor, II. PtI. ii. ; viii.; Pt II. ii. : III. Pt I. i., iv. ; Pt II. iv. ; ix. : IV. Pt I. i. ; ii. ; xxvi. ; xxviii. ; Pt II. i. ; xix. ; xxviii. ; xxxii. : V. Pt I. i.— vii. ; Pt II. i. ; iii. ; vi. : VI. Pt I. vi. ; Pt II. ii. ; iii. ; viii. ; x. ; xv. : VII. Pt I. xvi. ; xxv. : xxx. ; xxxv. ; xlvi. ; Pt II. vi. ; xxxiii. ; xxxvii. Slrun-yu K'wim, a famous sophist of Ts'e, IV. Pt I. xvii. : VI. Pt II. vi. Sin, the native place of E Yin, in Ho- nan, V. Pt I. vii. Sin, younger brother of Ch'in Seang, III. Pt I. iv. South river, V. Pt I. v. Sun-shuh Gaou, prime minister of ' Ch'wang of Ts'oo, VI. Pt II. xv. Sung, the State of, II. Pt I. ii. ; Pt II. iii. : III. Pt I. i. ; iv. ; Pt II. v. : V. Pt I. viii. : VII. Pt I. xxxvi. Sung K'ang, a travelling scholar, VI. PtII. iv. Sung Kow-ts'een, a travelling scholar,

VII. Pt I. ix. Sze, the name of a stream, III. Pt I. Tae, elder brother of Ch'in Chung, III. Pt II. x. T'ae, an ancestor of the Chow family, the duke T'a>i-foo, who received from Woo the title of king, I. Pt II. v. ; xiv. ; xv. T'ae mountain, on the border between Loo and Ts'e, I. Pt I. vii. : II. Pt I. ii. : VII. Pt I. xxiv. T'ae-keah, grandson and successor of T'ang, II. Pt I. iv. : IV. Pt I. viii. : V. Pt I. vi. : VII. Pt I. xxxi. T'ae-kung, a great counsellor of Wan and Woo, IV. Pt I. xiii. : VII. Pt I. xxii. ; Pt II. xxxviii. Tae Puh-shing, a minister of Sung, III. Pt II. vi. T'ae-ting, eldest son of the emperor T'ang, V. Pt I. vi. Tae Ying-che, a great officer of Sung, III. Pt II. viii. T'ah, the name of a stream, III. Pt I. iv. T'an-foo, Tae, the duke of Chow, I. Pt II. v. Tan Choo, the son of Yaou, V. Pt I. T'ang, the founder of the Shang dyn asty, I. Pt I. ii. ; Pt II. iii. ; viii. ; xi.': II. Pt I. i. ; iii. ; Pt II. ii. ;

xii. : III. Pt II. v. : IV. Pt I. ix. ; Pt II. xx. : V. Pt I. vi. ; vii. : VI. Pt II. ii. ; vi. : VII. Pt I. xxx. ; Pt II. iv. ; xxxiii. ; xxxviii. T'ang, the State of, I. Pt II. xiii. ; xiv.; xv.: II. PtII. vi.: III. Pt I. i.— iv. : VII. Pt I. xliii. ; Pt II. xxx. T'ang, a place where grain was stored in Ts'e, VII. Pt II. xxiii. T'uou Ying, a disciple of Mencius, VII. Pt I. xxxv. Teen, the son of the king of Ts'e, VII. Ting, the duke of T'ang, III. Pt I. ii. Ts'ae, the State of, VII. Pt II. xviii. Tsae Go, a disciple of Confucius, II. PtI. ii. Ts'ang-leang, a stream in Shan-tung, IV. Pt I. viii. Tsang Seih, Tsang Sin's father, IV. Pt I. xix. : VII. Pt II. xxxvi. ; xxxvii. Tsang Se, the grandson of Tsang Sin, the disciple of Confucius, and philo sopher, II. Pt I. i. Tsang Sin, the philosopher, I. Pt II. xii. : II. Pt I. ii. ; Pt 11. ii. : III. Pt I. ii. ; iv. ; Pt II. vii. : IV. Pt I. xix. ; Pt II.; xxxi. : VII. Pt II. xxxvi.

Tsang Ts'ang, a favourite of the duke P'ing of Loo, I. Pt II. xvi. Tsang Yuen, the son of the philoso pher Tsang, IV. Pt I. xix. Ts'aou, the principality of, VI. Pt II. ii. Tse, the name of a stream. III. Pt I. iv. INDEX II.] PROPER NAMES IN THE WORKS OF MENCIUS. 401 Ts'e, the State of, I. Pt I. v. ; vii. ; Pt II. i.— xi. ; xiii. ; xiv. : II. Pt I. i. ; ii. ; Pt II. ii.— xiv. : III. Pt I. i. ; Pt II. i. ; v. ; vi. ; x. : IV. Pt I. vii. ; xxiv. ; Pt II. iii. ; xxi. ; xxxi. ; xxxiii. : V. Pt I. viii. ; Pt II. i. ; vii. ; ix. : VI. Pt II. v. ; vi. ; viii.: VII. Pt I. xxxiv. ; xxx-vi. ; xxxix. ; Pt II. xvii. ; xxiii. ; xxix. Tseih, How-tseih, the minister of agri culture of Yaou and Shun, IV. Pt Tseih Hwan, a favourite of the prince of Ts'e, V. Pt I. v-iii. Ts'ew, Chess Ts'ew, a famous Chess player, VI. Pt I. ix. Tsin, a river in the State of Ch'ing,

IV. Pt II. ii. Tsin, the State of, I. Pt I. i. note ; v. ; vii. : III. Pt II. iii. : IV. Pt II. xxi. : V. Pt I. ix. ; PtII. iii. : VII. Pt II. xxiii. Ts'in, the State of, I. Pt I. v. ; vi V. Pt I. ix. : VI. Pt I. iv. ; xi Pt II. iv. ; vi. Ts'oo, the State of. I. Pt I. v. ; vi Pt II. vi. ; xiii. : II. Pt II. i III. Pt I. i. ; iv. ; Pt II. v. ; v IV. Pt II. xxi. : VI. Pt I. iv. ; xi Pt II. iv. Tsow, the native State of Mencius, I. Pt I. vii. ; Pfll. xii. : II. Pt II. xii. : III. Pt I. ii. : VI. Pt II. i. ; v. Ts'ung, a place in Ts'e, II. Pt II xiv. T's'uug, the mountain, V. Pt I. iii. Tsze-ch'an, named Kung-sun Keaou, the chief minister of the State of Ch'ing, IV. Pt II. ii. : V. Pt I. ii. Tsze-chang, a disciple of Confucius, II. Pt I.'ii. ; iv. Tsze-che. prime minister of Tsze-k'wae of Yen, II. Pt II. viii. Tsze-choh, Yu, an archer of Ch'ing,

IV. Pt II. xxir. Tsze-gaou, Wanq Htvan, the governor of K'oh in Ts'e, IV. Pt I. xxiv.; xxv. ; Pt II. xxvii. Tsze-hea, a disciple of Confucius, II. Pt I. ii ; iv. : III. Pt I. iv. Tsze-kung, a disciple of Confucius, II. Pt I. ii. : III. Pt I. iv. Tsze-k'wae, a king of Yen, II. Pt II. Tsze-lew, Sieh Lew, VI. Pt II. vi. Tszo-loo, the designation of Chung Yew, a disciple of Confucius, II. Pt I. i. ; viii. : III. Pt II. vii. : V. Pt I. viii. Tsze-moh, a philosopher of Loo, VII. Pt I. xxvi. Tsze-seang, a disciple of Tsang, II. Tsze-shuh E, a person who pushed himself into the service of govern ment, II. Pt II. x. Tsze-sze, the grandson of Confucius, II. Pt II. xi. : IV. Pt II. xxxi. : V. Pt II. iii. ; vi. ; vii. : VI. Pt II. vi. Tsze-too, an officer of Ch'ing, B.C. 700, distinguished for his beauty, VI. Pt I. vii. Tsze-yew, a disciple of Confucius, II. Pt I. ii. ; III. Pt I. iv. T'ung, the place where the emperor T'ang was buried, V. Pt I. vi. : VII. Pt I. xxxi. Tung-kwoh family, a branch of the

family of Hwan, duke of Ts'e, II. Pt II. ii. Twan Kan-muh, a scholar of Wei, III. Uh-loo, a disciple of Mencius, VI. Pt II. i. ; v. Wae-ping, a son of King T'ang, V. Pt Wan, the king, I. Pt I. ii. ; vii. ; Pt II. ii. ; iii. ; v. ; x. : II. Pr, I. i. ; iii. : III. Pt I. i. ; iii. ; Pt II. ix. : IV. PtI. vii. ; xiii.; Pt II. i. ; xx.: VI. Pt I. vi. ; Pt II. ii. : VII. Pt I. x. ; xxii. ; Pt II. xix. ; xxii. ; xxxviii. Wan, the duke of T'ang, I. Pt II. xiii.: xiv. : III. Pt I. i. ; iii. ; iv. Wan, the duke of T.sin, B.C. 635—627, I. Pt I. vii. : IV. Pt II. xxi. Wan Chang, a disciple of Mencius, III. Pt II. v. : V. Pt I. i. ; ii. ; iii. ; v. — ix. ; Pt II. iii. ; iv. ; vi. ; viii. : VII. Pt II. xxxvii. Wang Hwan, Tsze-ijaou, the governor of K'oh, in Ts'e, II. Pt II. vi. Wang Leang, charioteer to Chaou Keen, III. Pt II. i.

Wang P'aou, a man of Wei, teacher of an abrupt style of singing, VI. Pt Wang Shun, an officer of the duke of Pe, V. Pt II. iii. Wei, the State of, IV. Pt II. xxiv. : V. Pt I. viii. ; Pt II. iv. Wei, one of the three families which governed the state of Ts'in, VII. Pt I. xi. Wei, a small State in Shan-se, II. Pt I. i. : VI. PtI. vi. Wei, a river in the State of Ch'ing, IV. Pt II. ii. Woo, the State of, I. Pt II. iii. : IV. Pt I. vii. Woo, the first king of the Chow dynasty, 102 PROPER NAMES IN THE WORKS OF MENCIUS. [iNDEX If. I. Ft II. iii. ; viii. : x. : II. Ft I. i. ; Ft II. xii. : 111. Ft II. ix. : IV. Ft I. ix. ; Ft H. xx. : VI. Ft I. vi. : VII. Ft I. xxx, ; Ft II. iv.; Wou Hwoh. a man noted for his strength, VI. Ft II. ii. Woo-ling, a wild place in tho depart ment of Tse-uan, III. Ft IF. x. Woo-shiug, a city in Loo, IV. Ft II. xxxi. Woo-ting-, an emperor of the Shangdynasty, n.c. 1323, 11. Ft I. i.

Yang- Choo, a heresiarch of the time of Confuems, ]J1. Ft II. ix. : VII. Ft I. xx\i. ; Ft II. xxvi. Yang Iloo, the principal minister of the Ke family, of Loo, 111. Ft I. iii. ; Ft 11. vi'i. Yang-shin"', a city in Ho-nan, V. Ft Yaou, the emperor, II. Ft I. ii. ; Ft II. ii. : 111. Ft I. i. ; iv. ; Ft II. iv. ; ix. : IV. Ft 1. i. ; ii. ; Ft II. xxxii. : V. Ft 1. iii. — vii. ; Ft II. i. ; vi. : VI. Ft I. vi. ; Ft II. viii. ; x. : VII. Ft 1. xxx. ; xlvi. ; Ft II. vi. ; xxxiii. ; xxxvii. ; xxxviii. Yellow llivcr, VI. Ft II. vi. Yen, the kingdom of, III. Ft II. ix. Yen, the State of, I. Ft II. x. ; xi. : II. Ft II. viii. ; ix. Yen, Yen llwuy, a disciple of Conf., IV. Ft II. xx'ix. Yen Ch'ow-yew, a worthy officer of Wei, V. Ft I. viii. Yen ISew, a disciple of Confucius, II. Ft I. ii. Yen Fan, a son of Yen Hwuv, V. Ft II. iii. Yen Ye\v, the Grand-tutor of the

prince of T'anjr. III. Ft I. ii. Yen Yuen, a disciple of Confucius, II. Ft I. ii. : III. Ft I. i. Yew, a cruel king of the Chow dy nasty, VI. Ft 1. vi. Ye'w-pe, the name of a place in Yungchow, Hoo-nan, V. Ft I. iii. Yew Joh, a disciple of Confucius, II. Fr I. ii. ; III. Ft I. iv. Yib, a minister of Shun, and of Yu, III. Ft I. iv. : V. Ft I. vi. Yih-ya, the cook of the duke Hwan of IVe, VI. Ft I. vii. Yin, State and dynasty, II. Ft I. i. : Ft II. ix. : III. Ft 'l. iii. : IV. Ft I. ii.; vii. : V. Ft II. iv. : VII. Ft Yiu-kung T'o, a famous archer, IV. Yin Sze, a man of Ts'e, II. Ft II. xii. Yinjr, the name of a place between IVe and Loo. II. Ft II. vii. Yob-ehing', a disciple of Meneius, I. Ft 11. xvi. : IV. Ft I. xxiv. ; xxv.: VI. Ft II. xiii. : VII. Ft II. xxv. Yoh-chhisr K'e\v, a friend of Manp Ileen, V. Ft II. ii. Yob, a quarter in the capital of Ts'e, Yu. the sovereign, II. Ft, I. viii. : III.

Ft I. iv. ; Ft II. ix.: IV. Ft 1L xx. ; xxvi.; xxix. : V. Ft I. vi. : VI. Ft 11. xi. : VII. Ft II. xxii. ; xxxviii. Yu, a small State adjoining Tsin, A'. Ft 1. ix. : VI. Ft II. vi. Yu, the mountain, V. Ft I. iii. Yu-kung Sze, an archer of Wei, IV. Ft II. xxiv. Yueh, the State of. IV. Ft II. xxxi. : VI. Ft II. iii. JOHN CItlLTiS AND SOX. PI; The life and works of Mencius