Rig Veda

2 The spirit of the dead child speaks. / yearned for this : to return to the world of life. 3 Yama speaks. Ftuhioned mentally : figuratively prepared by being burnt on the funeral pile. 5 Ship: meaning, apparently, the funeral pile. The funereal gift: the meaning of anud&yi is uncertain. * Restitution .'—Wilson. * Surrender* or * delivery/ according to Prof. Zimmer. Stanzas 5 — 7 are spoken by t he poet. 6 A depth : the meaning is obscure. Passage out : probably for the removal of the ashes. The subject of the hymn appears to be the funeral ctremony of a boy {kwmdra, said by some to be the name of a man). According to the legend cited by Sftyana a youth named Nachiketas was sent by his father to the kingdom of Tama who treated him kindly and allowed ^him to return to this world. ' The hymn is made throughout applicable \^Aditya as well as to Yama, with, if possible, a still greater degree of obscurity. It seems to have been the basis of the discussion in the Taittiriya Br&hmana (J.II,lt«%N^!c^^ in the Kathd Up&niabad, respecting what becomes ol\^i<& VQviX^l&X'^ ^^iRl^>\&^ di»loguea between JfacAikeUu and Yama.*— ^i\bou»

582 TffE HYMNS OF [BOOK X

He with the long loose locks supports Agni, and moisture, heaven, and earth : He 18 all skjr to look upon : he with long hair is called this 2 The Munis, girdled with the wind, wear garments soiled of yellow hue. They, following the wind's swift course go where the Gods have gone before. 3 Transported with our Munihood we have pressed on into the winds: You therefore, mortal men, behold our natural bodies and no more. 4 The Muni, made associate in the holy work of every Grod, Looking apon all varied forms flies through the region of the air. 5 The Steed of V4ta, Y^yu's friend, the Muni^ by the Gods impelled^ In both the oceans hath his home, ia eastern and in western sea. 6 Treading the path of sylvan beasts^ Gandharvas, and Ap* sarases, He with long locks, who knows the wish, is a sweet most delightful friend. 7 Vayu hath churned for him: for him he poundeth things most hard to bend, When he with long loose locks hath drunk, with Rudra, water from the cup. The Kesins, Jcefinah, wearers of long loose hair, are Agoi, V&yu, and SArya. Each stanza has for its Rishi one of the seren sous of V&tarasana. See Index ' of Hymns.

1 He with the long loote locht : probably the ascetic, the Muni or Yogi. According to S&yana, the radiant Sun. Moiiture : visham, usually meaniug * poison ' is so explained in this place. 2 Munis : ascetics inspired or in a state of ecstasy. Girdled with the wind : exposed without girdles to the wind. According to SAyana, sons of Vitarasana, or Wind-Girdled. 5 In both the oceans : everywhere in the firmament from its eastern to its western extremity. ' The hymn shows the conception that by a life of sanctity the Muni can attain to the fellowship of the deities of the air, the V&yus, the Rudras, the Apsarasas, and the Gandharvas ; and, furnished like them with wonderful powers, can travel along with them on their course The beautiful-haired, the long-haired, that is to say, the Muni, who daring the time of his austerities does not shave his hair, upholds fire, moisture, heaven, and earth, and reaemhleB the world ot light, \deaa "w\»<i\i \Ai«W«£\\\fsci^siax^vk Vaae^«lY cooteins. '—Von Roth, quoted by Br. ^fijoir, 0. S. TtxU,\^ . ^\^^^5iBAM\ssQ.\^«c8^^ tnoBliterAted and translated on i^^« V^^* ^ HYMN CXXXVII, ViBvedevae. Yb Gods, raise up oiice mor« the man whom ye have humbled and brought low.

0 Gods, restore to life again the man who hath committed sin. 2 Two several winds are blowing here, from Siiidhu, from a distant land. May one breathe energy to thee, the other blow disease away. 3 Hither, 0 Wind, blow healing balm, blow all disease away, thou Wind; For thou who hast all medicine com est as envoy of the Gods. 4 I am come nigh to thee with balms to give thee re:it and keep 1 bring thee blessM strength, I drive thy weakening malady away. •5 Here let the Gods deliver him, the Maruts' band deliver him : All things that be deliver him that he be freed from his disease. 4 The Waters have their healing power, the Waters diive disease away. The Waters have a balm for all : let them make medicine for thee. 7 The tongue that leads the voice precedes. Then with our tenfold-branching hands, With these two chasers of disease we stroke thee with a gentle touch.

Allied with thee in friendship, Indra, these thy priests, remembering Holy Law, rent Vritra limb from limb, When they bestowed the Dawns and let the waters flow, and when thou didst chastise dragons at Kutsa's call. 2 Thou seutest forth productive powers, clavest the hills, thou dravest forth the kiue, thou drankest pleasant meath. Thou gavest increase through this Tree's surpassing might. The Sun shone by the hymn that sprang from Holy Law. Each «taii2* is ascribed to one of the seven great Rishis. See Index of Hymns. The hymn is a charm to restore a sick man to health. Cf. Hymns of 4ht Aiharva-vtddf IV. 13. 1 Who hath eetnmitted sin : sickness and death being regarded as the consequence of sin. 2 Sindhu : or, ocean. 4 The Wind speaks. Weakening malady : yakshma may he sickness in general, or the name of a large class of diseases, probably of a consumptive nature. 7 The stanza is important as showing that the Indians employed touches or laying-oo of hands to relieve suffering or to restore health. Cp. X. 60. 12. 1 Thypritstt: the Angirases. But see Vedie Hymns, I. p. 44. Didst ^hcutite: this clause ia very difficult. I adopt P rot. QttQAaxxi^\iv^^\^!^J«t^Ts^a^^^^ j2 Tkit Tree's eurpamng mighX : the power ol \.\ift Va^csfc ^i \iXv^^swaa»^^^

3 III the mid- way of heaven the Sun unyoked his car : the Arya found a lUMtch to meet his DsUa foe. Aiisiociate' with Rijisvan India overthrew the solid forts of Pipru, conjuriijg Aiiura. 4 He boldly cast down forts which none had e'er assailed : un- wearied he destroyed the godless treasure-stores. Like Sun and Moon he took the stronghold's wealth away, aud, praised in song, demolished foes with flashing dart. 5 Armed with resistless weopons, with vast power to cleave, the Vritra-slayer whets hia darts and deals forth wounds. Bright Ushas was afraid of Indra's slaughtering bolt : she went upon her way and left her chariot there. 6 These are thy famous exploits, only thine, when thou alone hast left the other reft of sacrifice. Thou in the heavens hast set the ordering of the Moons ; the Father bears the felly portioned out by thee.

Savitar, golden-haired, hath lifted eastward, bright with the sunbeams, his eternal lustre; He in whose energy wise Pushan marches, surveying all existence like a herdsman. 2 Beholding men he sits amid the heavens, filling the two world- halves and air's wide region. He looks upon the rich far-spreading pastures between the eastern and the western limit. 3 He, root of wealth, the gatherer-up of treasures, looks with his might on eserj form and figure. S.ivitar, like a God whose Law is constant, stands in the battle for the spoil like Indra. 4 Waters from sacrifice came to the Gandharva Visvavasu, O Soma, when they saw him. Indra, approaching quickly, marked their going, and looked around upon the Sun's enclosures. o Unyoked kU ciir : the allu-im in. perhaps, t,o an eclipse, or a detention of the Sun to enable the Aryan-* to complere the overthrow of their eneruiej*. Bijuran : a pious worshipper befriended by Indra, Pipru: a demon of drought. See Vol. I., Index. 5 Hright Uekas was afraid: see II. 15. 6, IV. 30. 8 — 11, and X. 78. 6. t) The other: thy foe, the demon or RAkshnsa. The Father: Dyaua or Heaven. The felly portioned oat by thee : the course of the Moon through the asterisms, which thou hast arianged.

ti Pastures : there is no substantive in the text. Sftyana supplies * quarters of Hpflce ; ' Ludwig * ladles ; ' and Qrassraann * pastures.' 4 Waters : used in the prepar&txoTi ol \.\v«i ^xaa. V»s»« Tk* Gan<^arva : reffarded as the custodian oi t\ie ce\ea\-U\ ^oxq».. Tlw. ^>».\C % t^vd^«v».Y^ . * Six^ rima of the sun/ — 'Wilaou. 5 This son? Visvavasu shall sing us, meter of air's mid-realm, celestial (^andharva, That we may know aright both truth and falsehood : may he inspire our thoughts and help our praises. 6 In the floods* track he found the booty-seeker: the rocky cow-pen's doors he threw wide open. These, the Gandharva told him, flowed with Amrit. Indra knew well the puissance of the dragons.

Agni, life-power and fame are thine : thy fires blaze mightily, thou rich in wealth of beams ! Sajie, passing bright, thou givest to the worshipper, with strength, the food that merits laud. 2 With brilliant, purifying sheen, with perfect sheen thou liftest up thyself in light. Thou, visiting both thy Mothers, aidest them as Son : thou joinest close the earth and heaven. 3 0 JUtavedas, Son of Strength, rejoice thyself, gracious, in our fair hymns and songs. In thee are treasured various forms of strengthening food, born nobly and of wondrous help. 4 Agni, spread forth, as Ruler, over living things: give wealth to us. Immortal God. Thou shinest out from beauty fair to look upon : thou leadest us to conquering power. 5 To him, the wise, who orders sacrifice, who hath great riches under his control, Thou givest blest award of good, and plenteous food, givest him wealth that conquers all. 6 The men have set before them for their welfare Agni, strong, visible to all, the Holy. Thee, Godlike One, with ears to hear, most famous, men's generations magnify with praise-songs. 5 ViivAvam : the celestial Gandharva, here the Sun-God. He : Visvavasu. The hooty-ieeker : Indra who sought to win the waters. Of the aragout * the serpent-demons who obstructed the floods of heaven. The last three stanzas are very difficult and obscure. See Hillebrandt, V. M,, I. pp. 436, 437, and Ludwig, Ueberdie neuesten A, u. 9. to., p. 101.

2 Thy Mothers : Heaven and Earth. Joinest close : or, fillest full. 5 To him : to the institutor of the sacrifice. See the expoaition of the hymn in SiitapothA Brd1wwxua,NW.^%'V»*i^— ^^ {Sacred £ook9 of the £aat, XH 349—351).

TuKN hither, Agni, speak to us : come to us with a gracious tnind. Eurich us, Master of the house ? thou art the Giver of our 2 Let Aryaman vouchsafe as wealth, and Bhaga, and Brihaspati. Let the Gods give their gifts, and let Sduritll, Goddess, grant us wealth. Z We eall King Soma to our aid, and Agni with our songs and hymns, Adityas, Vishnu, Siirya, and the Brahman Priest BrihaspatL 4 Indra, Vayu, Brihaspati, Gods swift to listen, we invoke, That in the synod all th« folk may be benevolent to us. 5 Urge Aryaman to send us gifts, and Indra, and Brihaspati, Vslta, Visiinu, Sarasvati and the Strong Courser Savitar. 6 Do thou, 0 Agai, with thy fires strengthen our prayer and sacrifice : Urge givers to bestow their wealth to aid our senriee 'of the Gods. X

With thee, 0 Agni, was this singer of the laud : he hath no other kinship, 0 thou Son of Strength. Thou givest blessed shelter with a triple guard. Keep the destructive lightning far away from u& 2 Thy birth who seekest food is in the falling flood, Agni ; as Comrade thou win nest all living things. Our coursers and our songs shall be victorious : they of themselves advance like one who guards the herd. 3 And thou, 0 Agni, thou of Godlike nature, sparest the stones, while eating up the brushwood. Then are thy tracks like deserts in the corn -lands. Let us not stir to wrath thy mighty arrow. 4 O'er hills, through vales devouring as thou goest, thou partest like an army fain for booty. As when a barber shaves a beard, thou shavest earth when the wind blows on thy flame and fans it. 5 Apparent are his lines as he approaches : the course is single, but the cars are many. 2 SdnriCd : Pleaaantneaa *, Ci:\«A\i«aa, -^etwyoS.^^. CI* L 40. 3. 3 Sparest the atone* ; see Piac\ie\, VeducKeSVttA^etvA.^^^^.^^.V^V'^^ ^ When, Agni, thou, making thine arms respleident, advancest o'er the land spread out beneath thee.

6 Now let thy strength, thy burning flames fly upward, thine energies, 0 Agni, as thou toilest. Gape widely, bend thee, waziug in thy yigcur : let all the VasuB sit this day beside thee. 7 This is the waters* reservoir, the great abode of gathered streams. Take thou another path than this, and as ^ou listest walk 8 On thy way hith^rward and henoe let flowery DurvH grass spring up. Let there be lakes with lotas blooms. These are the mansions of the flood. Ye made that Atri, worn with eld, free as a hcrse to win the goal. When ye restored to youth and strength Eikshivsln like a car renewed, 2 Ye freed that Atri like a horse, and brought him newly-born to earth. Ye loosed him like a firm-tied knot whicti Gods unsoiled by dust had bound. 3 Heroes who showed mtost wondrous pover to Atri, strive to win fair songs; For then, 0 Heroes of the sky, your hymn of praise shall eease no more. 4 This claims your notice. Bounteous Gods ! — oblation, Asvins ! and our love, That ye, 0 Heroes, in the fight may bring us safe to ample room. 5 Ye Twain to Bhujyu tossed about in ocean at the region's end, Nasatyas, with your wingM steeds came nigh, and gave him

6 Come with your joys, most liberal Gods, Lords of all treasures, bringing weal. Like fresh full waters to a well, so. Heroes, come and be with us. 8 Stanzas 7 and 8 seem to belong to some other hymn, being a prayer to Agni that he may spare the speaker's house where, he says, there is nothing to invite the devonring God. See Hymn» of the Athairin-'Hdaj VI. 106. 1 Atri: see 1. 112. 7. Kakshtvdn: the Scholiast says that this Rishi was originally dull of underatandinr and tiiatthe Asvins endowed him with knowle(^. Prof. Ludwig takes kcMMvantam to be tsi %i64«c^'s^ %jigc«AscQS^ ^w^fi^ ratkam : *Agunye nmde him youthful likea eYkaaiot\^ka.\^a>it\o^^^^^'<)A^^^ ^ Bhfvyu: see Vol. L, ladex.

This deathltss IndU) like a steed, strong and of full vitality, Belongs to taee, the Orderer. 2 Here, by us. for the worshipper, is the wise bolt that works with skill. It brings the bubbling beverage as a dexterous man brings the effectual sTOug driuk. 3 Inipetuous Aiisuva, a bull among these cows of his, Looked down upon the restless Hawk. 4 That the stnng'^pinioned Bird hath brought, Child of the Falcon, fran afar, What moves ipou a hundred wheels along the female Dragon's path. 6 Which, fair, inrobbed, the Falcon brought thee in his foot, the red-huec dwelling of the juice ; Through this (ame vital power which lengthens out our days, and kinship through its help awoke. 6 So Indra is by Indu's power : e*en among Gods will it repel great treachery. Wisdom, Most Sapient One, brings force that lengthens life. May wisdom bring the juice to us.

From out the earth I dig this plant, an herb of most effectual power, Wherewith one quells the rival wife and gains the husband 1 Indu : Soma. Tkt Orderer : disposer and arranger of the universe. 2 Bolt : the Vashatkftra, or sacrificial exclamation, i» to the priests what the thunderbolt is to Indra. 3 I find this and the following stanza unintelligible. Ahtiuva in other placHs is the name of a demon ; but the meaning here is uncertain. Cows : there is no substantive to dsu sv^su, * these his own,' in the feminine gender. 4 Wh'tt moves upon a hundred wheels: fatdchakram: *the beetower of many boons' — Wilson. 5 Dwelling of the juice: the Soma-plant, which the Falcon brought from heaven. See IV. 26 and 27. 6 It : or he ; Indu or the Soma juice. Prof. Grassmann places this hymn in his Appendix as being in his opinion made up of fragments. He considers Ahisuva (stanza 3) to be * the aroher KrisAnu,' of IV. 27. 3 and other places, who guards the celestial Soma, and instead of ^ cows' he understands ^ wives.' The hymn is a spell to rid a jealous wife of a more favoured rivaL The Jiishi is Indr&nt, the Consort ot Indtat.

* 1 This plant: said to be the PfiitfiL, ^To\>«.\iVs \^«^Mvi^ ^v^ "^WQo^ v^Scj^j^^ Ht:rnandifoliA), a climbing plant ^^aaeaam^ n w^xva m'^^^miJw^x^^ji.^^ 2 Aaspicious, with expanded leaves, sent by the Gods, yictorious plant, Blow thou the rival wife away, and make mj husband only mine. 3 Stronger am I, 0 Stronger One, yea, mightier than the mightier; And she who is my rival wife is lower than the lowest dames. 4 Her very name I utter not : she takes no pleasure in this man. Far into distance most remote drive we the rival wife away. 5 I am the conqueror, and thou, thou also art victorious : As victory attends us both we will subdue my fellow-wife. 6 I have gained thee for vanquisher, have grasped thee with a stronger spell. As a cow hastens to her calf, so let thy spirit speed to me, hasten like water on its way.

GoDDBSS of wild and forest who seemest to vanish from the sight, How is it that thou seekest not the village? Art thou not afraid? 2 What time the grasshopper replies and swells the shrill cicala's voice, Seeming to sound with tinkling bells, theLady of the Wood exults. 3 And, yonder, cattle seem to graze, what seems a dwelling-place appears : Or else at eve the Lady of the Forest seems to free the wains. 4 Here one is calling to his cow, another there hath felled a tree : At eve the dweller in the wood fancies that somebody hath 5 The Goddess never slays, unless some murderous enemy ap- proach. Maneatsof savoury fruit and then takes, even as he wills, his rest. 6 Thy spirit : the hasband'a. The deity, Aranyftnl, is the tutelary Goddess of the fore** and wilderness. ^ Oratahopper eieala : the ehichckikd is said to be a little creature that eries ektchi: and the vrishdravd is said to be a sort of cricket. Others take them to be birds of some unascertained kind. 3 Cattle seem to graze : deer feeding in the glades. What teems a dwellingplace : a natural bower of branches and creepers.

4 Sounds are heard as of a cowman calling his cattle, or of a woodman at work. ' We must imagine the thousund strange sounds and delusions which seem to encompass the solitary listener of an evening in the darkening forest.' — Mme. Z^naide Ragosdn, Vedie India (Story of the Nations), p. 272. 5 Murderous enemy : the text has only anydh, * another,' by which, accord^ ing to S&yana, a tiger or robber is meant. Prof. Ludwig suggests that th« reading should be kanyuh, ' one who is destined to b« kiUfid.' Tt^^^X^xs^sO^^^w^ been iraaaUted by Dr. jrfuir, 0, 5. TexU, 'V. p. 43^ \ vA. \s% '^'^x "bXiSiQiW^ ^ j tlie Skbingig I4ed$r dts Rignda. ^ 590 TffS BYMNS OP [MOOM X. 6 Now have I praised the Forest Queen, sweet-scented, reddest of balm, The Mother of all sylvan things, wiio tills not bnt hath stores of food.

I TRUST in thy first wrathful deed, 0 Indra, when thou slowest Vritra and didst work to profit man ; What tim3 the two world-halves fell short of thee in might, and the earth trembled at thy force, 0 Thunder-armed. 2 Thou with thy magic powers didst rend the conjurer Vritra, 0 Blameless One, with heart that Icmged for fame. Heroes elect thee when they battle for the prey, thee in all sacrifices worthy of renown. 3 God Much-inyoked, take pleasure in these princes here, who, thine exalters, Maghavan, have come to wealth. In synods, when the rite succeeds, they hymn the Strong for sons and progeny and riches undisturbed. 4 That man shall find delight in well-protected wealth whose care provides for him the quick-sought joyous draught. Bringing oblations, strengthened, Maghavan, by thee, he swiftly wins the spoil with heroes in the fight. 5 Now for our band, 0 Maghavan, when lauded, make ample room with might, and gr^int us riches. Magician thou, our Varuna and Mitra, deal food to us, 0 Wondrous, as Dispenser.

When we have pressed the juice we laud thee, Indra, and when, Most Valorous ! we have won the booty. Bring us prosperity, as each desires it : under thine own protection may we conquer. 2 Sublime from birth, mayst thou 0 Indra, Hero, with Siirya overcome the Dasa races. As by a fountain's side, we bring the Soma that lay concealed, close-hidden in the waters. 3 Answer the votary's hymns, for these thou knowest, craving the Rishis' prayer, thyself a Singer. May we be they who take delight in Somas : these with sweet food for thee, 0 Chariot-rider. 3 Princes : the S{iris, the wealthy institutors of the sacrifice. The Strong : thee, the mighty Indra. 3 TAete with stoeet food : ' iheee ^^maoA «x^ (^^«s«.^^\^ ^.^.^xS&Kv^^fvua&ih, —WilsoD, 4 These boly prayers, 0 Indra, have I sung tfiee : grant to the men the* strength of ni^n, thou Hero. Be of one mind with those in whom thou joyest : keep thow the singers safe and their companions. 5 Listen to^ Pritbl's call, heroic Indra, and be thou lauded by the hymns of Venya, Him who bath sung thee to thine oil-^ich dwelling, whose roir ling soQgs have sped thee like a torrent.

Savitar filed the earth with bands to bind it, and made heayen stedfast where no prop supported. Savitar milked, as 'twere a restless courser, air, sea bound fast to what no foot had trodden. 2 Well knoweth Savitary 0 Child of Waters, where- ocean, firmly fixt, overflowed its limit. Thence sprang the world, from that uprose the region : thencebeaven spread out and the wide earth expanded. 5 Then» with a full crowd of Immortal Beings, this other realm came later, high and holy^ First, verily, Savitar^s strong-pinioned £agle was born r and he obeys his law for ever. 4 As warriors to their steeds, kine to their village, as fond milk- giving cows approach their youngling. As man to wife, let Savitar come downwaid to us, heaven's bearer, Lord of every blessing. 5 Like the A ngirasa Hiranyastiipa, I call thee, Savitar, to this So worshipping and lauding thee for favour I watch for thee as for the stalk of Soma. 4 Companions : or, dependents. 5 PrithVt call: the invocation of Prithn, tbe Bisbi of the hymn, according to Sftyana. Prof. Ludwig suggests that Prithu's wife is intended. Vtnya : Prithi, son of Vena. 1 To what no foot had trodden : atttrte : * to the indestructible (ether).' — Wilson.

3 Eagle : identified by Sftyana with Tftrkshya, brother of Garuda, who brought the Soma from the Moon at Savitar's command. 5 Angirata : a descendant of the Angirases. Achievement: vdje: food, according to Sftjana, i. e, •blatioa* Xaiiding : drcKan : ox, \^ (ixOcAsoL^Vtsusraot* lag thee to win thy favour.

Thou, bearer of oblations, though kindled, art kindled for the Gods. With the Aditjas, Budras, Yasus, come to us ; to show us fif^ vour come to us. 2 Come hither and accept with joy this sacrifice and hymn of onrs. 0 kiniiled God, we mortals are iavoking thee, calling on thee to show us grace. 3 I laud thee Jatavedas, thee Lord of .all blessings, with my song. Agni, bring hitherward the Gods whose Laws we love, whose Laws we love, to show us grace. 4 Agiii the God was made the great High-Priest of Gods, Rishis have kindled Agai, men of mortal mould. Agiii I invocate for wiuuiug ample wealth, kindly disposed for winning wealth. 5 Atri and Bharadv&ja and Gavisbthira, Kai^iva and Trasadasyu, in our fight he helped. On Agni calls Vasishtha, even the household priest, the household priest to win his grace.

By Faith is Agni kindled, throngh Faith is oblation offered up. We celebrate with praises Faith upon tbe height of happiness. 2 Bless thou the man who gives, 0 Faith ; Faith, bless the man who fain would give. Bless thou the liberal worshippers : bless thou the word that 1 have said. 3 Kven as the Deities maintained Faith in the mighty Asuras, So make this uttered wish of mine true for the liberal worshippers. 4 Guarded by Vayu, Gods and men who sacrifice draw near to Faith. Man winneth Faith by yearnings of the heart, and opulence by Faith. 1 Though kindled : although thou art already bnruing fresh fire is added to thee. To show us favour: mriltkStya: thia play upon the Rishi's name Mrillk* is repeated in each stanza. The Rishi is Sraddh4 (Faith) of the family of Kftma (Love). 1 Upon the height of happiness : * (who is seated) on Bhaga's head.— Wilson. 3 Asuras: the primeval Aryan Gods, Dyaua, Varuna, and some others, who were venerated by Indra and otVifttltiOlo-Kx'swi ^^^\«a i;A.^\bNA\: ^^^a^iaw. 4 Cfuarded by Vdyu : the mefioom^ \a uox. <i\w«. MTilN 154.] THE RIQVEDA. , 593 5 Faith in the early morning, Faith at noonday will we invocate, Faith at the setting of the Sun. O Faith, endow us with belief.

A MIGHTY Governor art thou, Wondrous, Destroyer of the foe, Whose frieni is never done to death, and never, never overcome. 2 Lord of the clan, who brings us bliss. Strong, Warrior, Slayer of the fiend, May Indra, Soma-drinker, go before us, Bull who gives uspeace. 3 Drive R&kshasas and foes away, break thou in pieces Vritra's jaws: O Vritra-slaying Indra, quell the foeman's wrath who threatens us. 4 O Indra^ beat our foes away, humble the men who challenge us : Send dowu to nether darkness him who seeks to do us injury. 5 Baffle the foeman's plan, ward off his weapon who would con- quer us. Give shelter from his furious wrath, and keep his murdering

SwATiNG about, the Active Ones came nigh to Indra at his birth. And shared his great heroic might. 2 Based upon strength and victory and power, 0 Indra is thy birth : Thou, Mighty One, art strong indeed. 3 Thou art the Vritra-slayer, thou, Indra, hast spread the firma- ment : Thou hast with might upheld the heavens. 4 Thou, Indra, bearest in thine arms the lightning that accords with thee, Whetting thy thunderbolt with might. 5 Thou, Indra, art preeminent over all creatures in thy might : Thou hast pervaded every place. / HYMN CLIV. New Life. For some is Soma purified, some sit by sacrificial oil : To those for whom the meath flows forth, even to those let him depart. 1 The Active Ones : the Water-GkxidesseB may be meant. The CooBorts of the Gods, accordiniif to Sftyana. 2 Thou, Mighty One : or. '* 0 Bull, tbou art a Bull indeed.' *Thou, 0 hero, art indeed a hero*. — Max Mtiller. 4 Lightning: or, praise-song. hymn. S&yaita explains aribam hereby ttutyam •* thy laudable or adorable thunderbolt. The Rishi of this luneral hymn la Yamt« sister oi Yaii&i.. i To thoie let him depart : let the spirit oi tVie d^udi ^q \.o VXi<^ "tv^fitx^ tK.*<^^

2 lavincible throngh Fervour, those wIkhh Fervour hath advanced to heaven. Who showed great Fervour in their lives, — even to those lelf liim depart. '6 The heroes who contend in war and boldly cast their lives awaj, Or who give guerdon thousandfold, — even to those let him depart. 4 Yea, the first followers of Law, Law*s pure and holy strengtheners, The Fathers, Yama 1 Fervour-moved, — even to those let him 5 Skilled in a thousand ways and means, the sage» who protect the Sun, The Rishis, Yama I Fervour-moved, — even to those let him depart.

ArayJ, one-eyed limping hag, fly, ever-sereecbing, to the hill. We frighten thee away with these, the heroes of Sirimbitha. 2 Scared from this place and that is she, destroyer of each germ unborn. Go, sharp-homed Brahmanaspati and drive Ai*&yi far away. 3 Yon log that floats without a man to guide it on the rivers edge,— Seize it, thou thing with hideous jaws, and go thou far away thereon. 4 When, foul with secret stain and spot, ye hastened onward to the breast. All Indra's enemies were slain and passed away like froth and foam. blesBe<l, to the Father* who receive offerings of Soma juice and clarified batter. Meath : according to S4yana, honey, wWch la offered to the spirits of their ancestors by students of the Atharva-veda, Soma juice and ghritdm or clarified butter (sacrificial oil) being offered, respectively, by students of the SAmaveda and Yjijurveda. 2 Fervour: tdpas: literally, warmth, heat; religious ferrour, asceticism, austerity, self-denial and abstracted meditation. 4 Fei^our-moved : or, Penance-rich ; filled full of religious austerity. 5 Who protect the Sun : see Muir 0. S. T., V. 319. The hymn has been translated by Dr. J. Muir, 0. S, Textt, V. p. 310, and by Prof. Zimmer, AUindisches Xe5en, p. 4Id.

The subject or object of the hymn is the averting or removal of misfortune. 1 Ardyt : * the stingy; * one of a class of malevolent she-fiends. Evtr'8crteching : according to S^yana'a explanation of saddnve ; according to others ' allied with DAnns, D&navas, or demona.' Sirimbitha : the Rishi of tha hymn. 2 Sharp-hm-ned : armed with piercing rays of light. 4 The meaning of this atania \a eot c\ew. Manv4<^T«^fcAjw^\\ kdA h^by/kdaf/rfajiv^h are difficult worda that do not ow>w i^b»s^ 5 These men have led about the cow, have duly carried Agni ^ round, And raised their glory to the Gods. Who will attack them with success ?

Let songs of ours speed Agni forth like a fleet courser in the race, V Aud we will win each prize through him. 2 Agni, the dart whereby we gain kine for ourselves with help from thee, — That send us for the gain of wealth. 3 0 Agni, bring us wealth secure, vast wealth in horses and in kine: Oil thou the socket, turn the wheel. 4 0 Agni, thou hast made the Sun, Eternal Star, to mount the sky. Bestowing light on living men. 5 Thou, Agni, art the people's light, best, dearest, seated in thy shrine : Watch for the singer, give him life.

Wb will, with Indra and all Gods to aid us, bring these existing worlds into subjection. 2 Our sacrifice, our bodies, and our offspring, let Indra form to- 3 With the Adityas, with the band of Maruts, may Indra be Protector of our bodies. 4 As when the Gods came, after they had slaughtered the Asuras, keeping safe their Godlike nature, 5 Brought the Sun hither ward with mighty powers, and looked about them on their vigorous Godhead. 5 These men : the text has only imS^ ' these.' According to Sftyana, the Visvedevas are meant, who have brought back the stolen cattle. But the reference is probably to the sacrifice which the priests are performing. 2 The dart : ' that army.*— Wilson. 3 Turn the wheel : I adopt the reading of the Simaveda, pavim, instead of panim. According to the text, the rendering would be : ' Balm heaven and drive the Pani hence. The first three verses of this hymn were recited at the Asvamedha or HoneSacrifice. 5 Sftyana explains the second half of the st&taa diffecoQlVj \— ^ >^t«3iLV;fiRc^v beheld around them the swift desoen^ng rua,*-— ^i^aoiu 8^a THB H7MN8 OF [BOOK X

MATSarya guard us out of heaven, and YUta from the firmament, And Agni from terrestrial spots. 2 Thou Savitar whose flame deserves hundred libations, be thou pleased : From falling lightning keep us safe. 3 May Savitar the God, and may Parvata also give us sight : May the Creator give us sight. 4 Give sight unto our eye, give thou our bodies sight that they may see : May we survey, discern this world. 5 Thus, S^rya, may we look on thee, on thee most lovely to behold, See clearly with the eyes of men.

Yon Sun hath mounted up, and this my happy fate hath mounted high. I knowing this, as conqueror have won my husband for mine own. 2 I am the banner and the head, a mighty arbitress am I : I am victorious, and my Lord shall be submissive to my will. 3 My Sons are slayers of the foe, my Daughter is a ruling Queen : I am victorious : o'er my Lord my song of triumph is supreme. 4 Oblation, that which Indra gave and thus grew glorious and most high, — This have I offered, 0 ye Gods, and rid me of each rival wife. 5 Destroyer of the rival wife. Sole Spouse, victorious, conqueror, The others' glory have I seized as 'twere the wealth of weaker 6 I have subdued as conqueror these rivals, these my fellow- wives. That I may hold imperial sway over this Hero and the folk.

Taste this strong draught enriched with offered viands ; with all thy chariot here unyoke thy Coursers. Let not those other sacrificers stay thee, Indra : these juices shed for thee are ready. r I w — - ■ I ■ ■ — •_ 1 Out of heaven : * from (foes dwelling in) heaven.* — Wilson. 3 Tke Creator : Dhfttar. Sachl Paulom!, called also Indrftpt, the Consort of Indra, is also the Rishi of the hymn. ' Literally, this is a song of exultation by Sachi over her rival wives ; but faeht means alao au " aat" " ftx^\o\x^'' «b\idi ^(JELv^\!i'^\s«l v* xa^taphori* caUjr the praise of Indra' $ glorioua WiU.'— ^NvVaoii. flS Thine is the juice effused, thine are the juices yet to be pressed : our resonant songs invite thee. O Indra, pleased to-day with this libation, come, thou who knowest all and drink the Soma. Z Whoso, devoted to the God, effuses Soma for him with yearning heart and spirit, — Never doth Indra give away his cattle : for him he makes the lovely Soma famous. 4 He looks with loving favour on the mortal who, like a rich man, pours for him the Soma. Maghavan in his bended arm supports him : he slays, unasked, the men who hate devotion.

5 We call on thee to come to us, desirous of goods and spoil, of cattle, and of horses. For thy new love and favour are we present : let us invoke thee, Indra, as our welfare.

For life I set thee free by this oblation from the unknown decline and from Consumption ; Or, if the grasping demon have possessed him, free him from her, 0 Indra, thou and Agni. 2 Be his days ended, be he now departed, be he brought very near to death already. Out of Destruction's lap again I bring him, save him for life to last a hundred autumns. 3 With hundred-eyed oblation, hundred-autumned, bringing a hundred lives, have I restored him. That Indra for a hundred years may lead him safe to the farther shore of all misfortune. 4 Live, waxing in thy strength, a hundred autumns, live through a hundred springs, a hundred winters. Through hundred-lived oblation Indra, Agni, Brihaspati, Savitar yield him for a hundred ! 4 Dr. Gaedicke [AeeutaUv toi Veda, p. 127) translates PAdas 1—8 of the stanza differently : der wird von ihm erspaht, der, obvohl reioh, ihm keinen Soma preset, den holt der machtige heraus aus dem Winkel (Versteck). According to the Index the subject of the hymn is the cure of the disease called R&jayakshma (Consumption or Atrophy). 1 Unknown decline : some insidious disease, differing from RAjayakshma. Perhape, as Prof. Zimmer suggests, hypertrophy and atrophy are the two diseaees intended. See AUindUehes Ltbtn, p. S77. TKe ^toai^^'^^ d«c^^\ ^f€hi: from grak, to seise ; a female spirit "wYio iwiea m«u wAYS^^'^^s^* ^ ^or a Aundred: years, understood.

5 So have I found and rescued thee : thou hast returned with youth renewed. Whole in thy members ! I have found thy sight and all thy life for thee.

AvAUNT, thou Master of the mind ! Depart, and vanish far away. Look on Destruction far from hence. The live man's mmd is manifold. 2 A happy boon do men elect, a mighty blessing they obtain. Bliss with Vaivasvata they see. The live man's mind seeks 3 If by address, by blame, by imprecation we have committed sin, awake or sleeping, All hateful acts of ours, all evil doings may Agni bear away to distant places. 4 When, Indra, Brahmanaspati, our deeds are wrongful and unjust. May provident Angirasa prevent our foes from troubling us. 5 We have prevailed this day and won : we are made free from sin and guilt 111 thoughts, that visit us awake or sleeping, seize the man we hate, yea, seize the man who hateth us.

GrODS, whatsoe'er the Dove came hither seeking, sent to us as the envoy of Destruction, For that let us sing hymns and make atonement. Well be it with our quadrupeds and bipeds. 2 Auspicious be the Dove that hath been sent us, a harmless bird, ye Gods, within our dwelling. May Agni, Sage, be pleased with our oblation, and may the Missile borne on wings avoid us. For Hymns CLXIL, CLXIIL, and CLXXXIV. see Appendix. 1 Master of the mind: the spirit of evil dreams is addres«?ed. Destmction : the Goddess Nirriti. Manifold: * attentive to various objects, and soon diverted from any regard to evil dreams.* — Wilson. 2 Vaivasvata : Yama, the son of Vivasv&n, who presides over evil dreams. — Sayan a. 4 Angirasa: according to Siyana, Varuna, the wipe God who is especially connected with his worishippers the Angira^ea, may be intended. Gf. Hymns of the Atharva-veda^ VI. 45. 3. 1 A dove, regarded as an ill-omened bird and the messenger of Death, has f own into the house. Similarly, in North-Lincolnshire, * If a pigeon is seen Bitting on a tree, or cornea into ttie \xovx%ft, ox itQi«i\«ca^ ^iJA ^M^ddQuly becomeB tame, it is a sign of deatV— Note* o,tA Q.\MT\Aa,Ni*\a. v^'^'^* 2 Missile borne on wings ; the \\\-omftrLe^\j>Vc^-

3 Let not the Arrow that hath wings distract us : beside the fire-place, on the hearth it settles. May it bring welfare to our men and cattle : here let the Dove, ye Gods, forbear to harm us. 4c The screeching of the owl is ineffective ; and when beside the fire the Dove hath settled, To him who sent it hither as an envoy, to him be reverence paid, to Death, to Yama. ' 5 Drive forth the Dove, chase it with holy verses : rejoicing, bring ye hither food and cattle. Barring the way against all grief and trouble. Let the swift bird fly forth and leave us vigour.

Make me a bull among my peers, make me my rivals' conqueror : Make me the slayer of my foes, a sovran ruler, lord of kine. "2 I am my rivals' slayer, like Indra unwounded and unhurt. And all these enemies of mine are vanquished and beneath my feet. 3 Here, verily, I bind you fast^ as the two bow-ends with the string. Press down these men, 0 Lord of Speech, that they may humbly speak to me. 4 Hither I came as conqueror with mighty all-effecting power, And I have mastered all your thought, your synod, and your 5 May I be highest, having gained your strength in war, your skill in peace : my feet have trodden on your heads. Speak to me from beneath my feet, as frogs from out the water croak, as frogs from out the water croak.

This pleasant meath, O Indra, is effused for thee : thou art the ruling Lord of beaker and of juice. Bestow upon us wealth with many hero sons : thou, having glowed with Fervour, wonnest heavenly light. 5 With holy verses •' S^yana takes richU with ttHyamdndh, understood :— (Praised) by our hymn (0 Gods). The subject is the Destruction of Rivals. The Bishis are Visy&mitra and Jamadagni. Stanzas 1 — 3 are spoken by the Rishis, and 4 by Indra. 1 Having glowed with Fervour : * performing arduous penance.' — Wilson. 3 Anumati : Divine Favour personi&ed. ^ Thepnze : tiie wealth won for you. 2 Lot us oall Sakra %o libations here effused, winner of light who joyeih ill the potent juice. Mark well this sactiBco of ours and come to us : we pray to Ma;;liavau the Vanquisher of hosts. 3 By royal Soma's and by Varuna's decree, under firihaspati's jind Anumati's guard, Th's tiay by thine authority, 0 Maghavau, Maker, Disposer th(»u ! have I enjoyed the jars. 4 I, t >o, urged on, have had my portion, in the bowl, and as first Prince I drew forth this my hymn of praise, When with the prize I came unto the flowiug juice, O Visvimitra, Jamadagui, to your home.

0 THE Wind's chariot, 0 its power and glory ! Crashing it goes and bath a voice of thunder. It makes the regions red and touches heaven, and as it moves the dust of earth is scattered. 2 Along the traces of the Wind they hurry, they come to him as dames to an assembly. Borne on his car with these for his attendants, the God speeds forth, the universe's Monarch. 3 Travelling on the paths of air's mid-region, no single day doth he take rest or slumber. Holy and earliest-born, Friend of the waters, where did he spring and from what region came he? 4 Germ of the world, the Deities* vital spirit, this God moves ever as his will inclines him. His voice is heard, his shape is ever viewless. Let us adore this Wind with our oblation.

May the wind blow upon our Cows with healing: may tht*y eat herbage full of vigorous juices. May they drink waters rich in life and fatness : to food that moves on feet be gracious, Rudra. 2 Like-coloured, varions-hued, or siuirle-coloured, whose names through sacrifice are known to Agni, 2 They : the Waters. Prof. Max Muller interprets differently. See hia translation, Vedic Ht/mis, I. 449. 1 Food that mav€3 on feet : the waudetm^ tdSVrV-w^v '&>aX.^^^^x^\>eift, Whom the Angirases produced by Fervour,— vouchsafe to these, Parjanj a, great protection. 3 Those who have offered to the Gods their bodies, whose varied forms are all well known to Soma, — Those grant us in our cattle-pen, 0 Indra, with their full streams of milk and plenteous offspring. 4 Prajapati, bestowing these upon me, one minded with all Gods and with the Fathers, Hnth to our cow-pen brought auspicious cattle : so may we own the offapiiug they will bear us.

May the Bright God drink glorious Soma-mingled meath, giving the sacrifice's lord uninjured life ; He who, wind-urged, in person guards our offspring well, hath nourished them with food and shines o'er many a land. 2 Radiant, as high Truth, cherished, best at winning strength, Truth based upon the statute that supports the heavens, He rose, a light, that kills Yritras and enemies, best slayer of the Dasyus, Asuras, and foes. 3 This light, the best of lights, supreme, all-conquering, winner of riches, is exalted with high laud. All-lighting, radiant, mighty as the Sun to see, he spreadeth wide unfailing victory and strength. 4 Beaming forth splendour with thy light, thou hast attained By thee were brought together all existing things, possessor ' of all Godhead, All-eflfecting God.

For Ita's sake who pressed the juice, thou, Indra, didst protect his car, And hear the Soma-giver's call. 2 Thou from his skin bast borne the head of the swift-moving combatant, And sought the Soma-pourer's home. 4 Prajdpati — hath brought: 'may Praj&pati briag,' according to Sdyana 2 SHn: here metkning 'body.' Combatant: malchdwia: wiwst^\\i^ \ft'<i«»«» Jee^end cited by SHyapn. Sacrifice perBonified, Y;\ioae Vi%»A, %a\i^ ^\\«as^\^^N» a»ca/w iu humnn Unix from the Quda, waa cut oft \>'S \\i^x»K ^^»"^'^»ss^* 3 Venya, that mortal man, hast thou, for Astrabudhna the devout, O Indra, mauy a time set free. 4 Bring, Indra, to the east again that Sun who now is in the west, Even against the will of Gods.

With all thy beauty come : the kine approaching with fu!l udders follow on thy path. 2 Come with kind thoughts, most liberal, rousing the warrioi's hymn of praise, with bounteous ones. 3 As nourishers we tie the thread, and, liberal with our bounty, 4 Dawn drives away her Sister's gloom, and, through her ex- cellence, makes heir retrace her path.

Bs with us ; I have chosen thee : stand stedfast and immovable. Let all the people wish for thee : let not thy kingship fall away. 2 Be even here ; fall not away ; be like a mountain unremoved. Stand stedfast here like Indra's self, and hold the kingship in 3 This man hath Indra stablished, made secure by strong obla- tion's power. May Soma speak a benisoo, and Brahmanaspati, on him. 4 Firm is the sky and firm the earth, and stedfast also are these hills. Stedfast is all this living world, and stedfast is this King of men. 5 Stedfast, may Varuna the Kin$r, stedfast, the God Brihaspatp Stedfast, may Indra, stedfast, too, may Agni keep thy sted 3 Venya : said to be Prithu, the son of Vena. See X. 148. 5. Astrabudktia : the name of a man not mentioned eUewhere, the son of Astrabudhna. Set free: Cp. I. 24. 15. 2 Most liberal : Surya appears to be meant. Rousing the wan'ioi''8 hymn of pvdise: jdraydiimakhah : the meaning is uncertain: — * bringing the sacrifice to completion,' according to Sftyana. 3 As nourishers : because tiacrifice brings the food that nourishes life. The thread: of sacrifice.

4 B'er Sister's gloom : the davknea^ oi 'SK^V.. The aubject ia the beuedictioa ol a ueM^-«>\fec\A^>5^^^^- ffTMN 17Q.] THE RIQVEDA. «08 6 On constant Soma let us think with constant sacrificial gift. And then may ludra make the clans bring tribute unto thee alone.

With ofifering for success in fight whence Indra was victorious. With this, 0 Brahmanaspati, let us attain to royal sway. 2 Subduing those who rival us, subduing all malignities, Withstand the man who menaces, withstand the man who 3 Soma and Savitar the God have made thee a victorious King : All elements have aided thee, to make thee general conqueror. 4 Oblation, that which Indra gave and thus grew glorious and most high, — This have 1 offered, Gods ! and hence now, verily, am rivalless. 5 Slayer of rivals, rivalless, victorious, with royal sway, Over these beings may I rule, may I be Sovran of the folk.

Mat Savitar the Crod, 0 Stones, stir you according to the Law : Be harnessed to the shafts, and press. 2 Stones, drive calamity away, jirive ye away malevolence : Make ye the Cows our medicine. 3 Of one accord the upper Stones, giving the Bull his bull-like strength. Look down with pride on those below. 4 May Savitar the God, 0 Stones, stir you as Law commands for him Who sacrifices, pouring juice.

With hymns of praise their sons have told aloud the Ribhus' mighty deeds Who, all-supporting, have enjoyed the earth as 'twere a mother cow. 1 With offering for tuceest : * By the dbkivatia oblatiou.*— Wilson. 4 Cp. X. 159. 4. 1 The thafU : or chariot-poles ; here meaning the guiding arms of the Soma-press. "^ 2 The Cows : or, the rays of morniDg, at whoae oi^T^toafih. t<iVi\a«£% taoA^ wooM Sy, 2 Bring forth the God with song divine, bring J&tavedas hither- ward, To bear our gifts at once to heaven. 3 He here, a God-devoted Priest, led forward comes to sacrifice* Like a car covered for the road, he, glowing, kuows^ himself, 4 ThisAgni rescues from distress, as 'twere from the Immortal Race^ A God yet mightier than strength, a God who hath been made

The sa[)ient with their spirit and their mind behold the Bird adorned with all an Asura*s magic might. Sages observe him in the ocean's inmost depth : the wise disposers seek the station of his rays. 2 The flying Bird bears Speech within his spirit : erst the Gan- dharva iu the womb pronounced it : And at the seat of sacrifice the sages cherish this radiant, heavenly-bright invention. 3 I saw the Herdsman, him who never resteth, approaching and departing on his pathways. He, clothed in gathered and diflPusive splendour, within the worlds continually travels.

This very mighty one whom Gods commission, the Conqueror of cars, ever triumphant. Swift, fleet to battle, with uninjured fellies, even Tarkshya for our weal will we call hither. 3 Like a car : perhaps, as Prof. Ludwig suggests, like a chariot which, as the driver is eoncealed from sight by the canopy, seems to find its way without a g\iide. 4 Ai 'twere from the Immortal Race : *as (well as) from peril caused by the immortals .'—Wilson. Stanzas 2—4 are recited at the Agni-pranayana, the ceremony of carrying the sacrificial fire to the altar used for animal and Soma sacrifices. See Haug's AUareya Brdhm^nam, II. 60, 61. The subject is M&y&bheda, *the discernment of Mdyd, or illusion (the cause of material creation).' — Wilaon. 1 The Bird : the Sun. In the ocearCs inmost depth : in the solar orb, according to Sftyana. Wise disposers : * ordainers (of solar worship).' — Wilson. 2 Speech: or song ; the morning song of the Sun-Bird. The Oandharva : the breath of life, according to SAyana. The ray of the Sun is probably meant. 8 This stanza has occurred before. Seel. 164. 31. The Herdsman: the Sun. Hesteth : or, stumbleth ; literally, Emk« oi; tulla down,

7 Tdrkshya: a personification oi t\i^ ^un, m&wsSVi 5L'8«ax^o«A.^^^M^vs«. Aonst?. Cp. I. h^. 6. 2 As though we offered up our gifts to Indra, may we ascend hiui as a ship for safety. Like the two wide worlds, broad, deep, far-extended, may we be safe both when he comes and leaves you. 3 He who with might the Five Land^ hath pervaded, like Surya with his lustre, and the waters, — His strength wins hundreds, thousands : none arert it, as the young maid repelleth* not her lover.

Now lift ye up yourselves and look on Indra's seasonable share. If it be ready, offer it ; unready, ye have been remiss. 2 Oblation is prepared : come to us, Indra; the Sun hath travel- led over half his journey. Friends with their stores are sitting round Ihee waiting like lords of clans for the tribe's wandering chisftain. 3 Dressed in the udder and on fire, I fancy ; well-dressed, I fancy, is this recent present. Drink, Indra, of the curd of noon's libation with favour, Thunderer, thou whose deeds are mighty.

O MUGH-iNVOKBD, thou hast subdued thy foemen : thy might is loftiest ; here display thy bounty. In thy right hand, 0 Indra, bring us treasures : thou art the Lord of rivers filled with riches. 2 Like a dread wild beast roaming on the mountain thou hast approached us from the farthest distance. Whetting thy bolt and thy sharp blade, 0 Indra, crush thou the foe and scatter those who bate us. 3 Thou, mighty Indra, sprangest into being as strength for lovely lordship o'er the people. Thou drovest off the folk who were unfriendly, and to the Gods thou gavest room and freedom. 8 Her lover : I adopt, with a modification, Professor Pischel's iDterpretation of the difficult words yuvatim nd sdrydm. See Vedische Stvdieny I. p. 106. 3 The milk is twice cooked ; first matured in the cow*8 udder and then heated on the fire. Cvrd: the hymn was employed in the Dadhigharma ceremony when Soma juice was offered mixt 'm\iVi, cvix^ c^t v^wx \\2)%^\!»»i(j^ milk. CL Yin. 2. 9, and IX. 11. 6. dee H\W<\>t%M\.,^. M A^^^*

Vasishtha mastered the Rathantara, took it from radiant Dh&tar, Savitar, and Vishnu, Oblaticn, portion of fourfold oblation, known by the nanaes of Sapr&thas and Prathas. 2 These sages found what laj remote and hidden, the sacrifice's loftiest secret essence. , From radiant Dhatar, Savitar, and Vishnu, from Agni, Bharadvaja brought the Brihat. 3 They found with mental eyes the earliest Yajus, a pathway to the Gods, that had descended. From radiant Dhatar, Savitar, and Vishnu, from Surya did these sageg bring the Gharma.

Brihaspati lead us safely over troubles, and turn his evil thought against the sinner; Repel the cuise, and drive away ill-feeling, and give the sacrificer peace and comfort ! 2 May Narasansa aid us at Prayaja : blest be our Anuyaja at May he repel the curse, and chase ill- feeling, and give the sacrificer peace and comfort. 3 May he whose head is flaming burn the demons, haters of prayer, so that the arrow slay them. May he repel the curse and chase ill-feeling, and give the sacrificer peace and comfort. 1 Rathantara : one of the moat important S^raa-hymna, consisting of verses 22 and 23 of Rigveda VII. 32 = Sftmaveda II. i. i. 13. The meaning here is uncertain, and the whole stanza is obscure. Saprathas and Prathas: meaning, apparently, * far-extending ' and * extending,' the former referring to the Rathantara and the latter to the Brihat, which is also one of the most important Sftmans (Rigveda VI. 46. 3, 2 = SAmaveda II. ii. 1. 12). 3 Yajus : sacrificial prayers and formulas of the Yajurveda. Gharma : warm libation of milk or other beverage. * The Siikta refers evidently to technical ritual to which no key is given by the commentary.' — Wilson. See Mme. Z^naide Ragozin's Vedic India^ p. 398.

2 Nardi^ansa : Agni. Praydja :. part of the introductory ceremony at a Soma sacrifice. Anuydja : a secondary or final sacrifice. 3 ffe whose head w gaming ; tapuvmUvdTittti ; 'ftrCftaK^^.VK ort Aw%tii as Lightuin^, B YMN 187.] THE RIGVEDA. m7

I SAW thee meditating in thy spirit what sprang from Fervour and hath tiience developed. Bestowing offspring here, bestowing richea, spread in thine offspring, thou who Gravest children. 2 I saw thee pondering in thine heart, and praying that in due- time thy body might be fruitful. Come as a youthful woman, rise to meet me : spread in thine offspring, thou who era vest children. 3 In plants and herbs, in all existent beings I have deposited the germ of increase. All progeny on earth have I engendered, and sons in women who will be hereafter.

Great, unassailable must be the heavenly favour of Three Gods, Varuna, Mitra, Arj'aman. 2 Oer these, neither at home nor yet abroad on pathways that are strange, The evil-miuded foe hath power : 3 Nor over him, the man on whom the Sons of Aditi bestow Eternal light that he may live.

Filling our hearts with health and joy, may Vata breathe his italm on us : May he prolong our days of life. 2 Thou art our Father, Vata. yea^ jbhou art a Brother and a friend: So give us strength that we may live. 3 The store of Amrit laid away yonder, 0 Vdta, in thine home, — Give us thereof that we may live.

To Agni send I forth my song, to him the Bull of all the folk : So may he bear us past our foes. The deities are the Sacrificer, big Wife, and the Hotar-priest. 1 According to Sftyana, the wife is the speaker of the first stanza, the Yajam&na or sacrificer of the second, and the Hotar-priest of the third, Ludwig considers Agni to be the speaker of the whole hymn, Wkai sprang from Fervour : the results of ardent devotion or tdpas. 3 The Hotar-priest regards himself as the procreator of all living beings through the efficacy of the sacrifices which he performs : matsddhyena ydgena tarva$yotpatteraham aarvajanaheturbhavdmi. — S&yana. 1 Bull: chief and lord, as the indispenBt^YAe \io>3L««^icAdL ^t^ 2 Who from the distance far away shines brilliantly across the wastes : So may he bear us past our foes. 3 The Bull with brightly -gleamiug flame who utterly consumes the fiends : So may he bear us past our foes. 4 Who looks on all existing things and comprehends them with his view : So may he bear us past our foes. 5 Resplendent Agni, who was born in farthest region of the air: So may he bear us past our foes.

Now send ye Jatavedas forth, send hither ward the vigorous Steed To seat him on our sacred grass. 2 I raise the lofty eulogy of J&tavedas, raining boons, With sages for his hero band. 3 With flames of Jjltavedas which carry oblation to the Gods, May he promote our sacrifice.

This spotted Bull hath come, and sat before the Mother in the east, Advancing to his Father heaven. 2 Expiring when he draws his breath, she moves along the lucid spheres : The Bull shines out through all the sky. 3 Song is bestowed upon the Bird : it rules supreme through thirty realms Throughout the days at break of morn. 2 A cross the wastes : as the fire that burns the jungle and prepares the ground for cultivation. 5 Jn farthest region of the air : or beyond the firmament, as the Sun. The deity is alternatively Sdrpar^jfil, the Serpent-Queen, Kadru, who i« also the Riehi of the hymn. 1 This spotted Bull : the Sun. The Mother: Datm. 3 The Bird : the Sun. His morning song, representing prayer, is supreme thtough all the divisions of the world, the number thirty being used indefiniiely. Cf. I. 123. 8. 1 From Fervour : from the tcpas, deNotv^T»»l «kvdouT or asceticism of Brahm4, according to SAjana. But the meamx\v;\kWfe m».i \^ * Vtorai^^NcsaJCa. ^<«» X. 129. 3 HDd note. Thence : irom tViu^i tw^oxw, ox ^wxaJOa.. JSYMNin.] TBE JtI(7£DA. 609 From Fervour kindled to its )eight Eternal Law and Truth

were bom : Thence was the Night prodiced, and thence the billowy flood 2 From that same billowy fbod of sea the Year was afterwards produced, Ordaiuer of the days ard nights, Lord over all who close the 3 Dh&tar, the great Cr«.tor, then formed in due order Sun and Moon. He formed in order Heaven and Earth, the regions of the air,

Thoxt, migkty Agni, gatherest up all that is precious for thy friend. Bring us ail treasures as thou art enkindled in libation's place. 2 Assemble, speak together : let your minds be all of one accord, As ancient Gods unauinitous sit down to their appointed share. 3 The place is common, common the assembly, common the mind, so be their thought united. A common purpose do I lay before you, and worship with your general oblation. 4 One and the same be your resolve, and be your minds of one accord. United be the thoughts of all that all may happily agree. The deity or subject of stanzas 2 -4 is Saibj^dnam, Agreement or Unanimity in assembly. 3 Common the cLStemhly : this 9dmiti appears to have been a general assembly of the people on some important occasion, such as the election of a King. Cf. ffymm of t?u Atharva-veda, VI. 64. Page 466, Hymn LXL I subjoin a Latin version of stanzas 5 — 8, and borrow Wilson's nslation of stanza 9. Membrum suum vinle, quod protentum fuerat, mas ille retraxit. Rursus illud quod in juvenem filiam sublatum fuerat, non aggresBurus, ad se retrahit. Quum jam in medio congressu, semiperfecto opere, amorem in puellam pater impleverat, ambo discedentes seminis paulum in terrae superficie in sacrorum sede effusum emiserunt.

Quum pater suam filiam adiverat, cum e& congressus suum semen supra terram effudit. Tun Dii benigni, precem (brahma) progenuerunt, et Vastoskpatim, legum sacrarum custodem, formaverunt. Ille tauro similis spumam in certamine jactavit ; tunc discedens pusillanimis hue profectus est. Quasi dextro pede daudus processit, " inutiles fuerunt illi mei complexus," ita locutus. ' The fire, burning the people, does not approach quickly (by day) : the naked {Rdkshasas approach) not Agni by night ; the giver of fuel, and the giver of food, he, the upholder ( of the rite), is born, overcoming enemies by his might.' lie whole passage is difficult and obscure, and stanza 9 is unintelligible. :h regard to the myth of Praj&pati and his daughter, Prof. Max Muller ) : — * When Eum&rila is hard pressed by his opponents about the immoral- ) of his gods, he answers with all the freedom of a comparative myogist : " It is fabled that Prajftpati, the Lord of Creation, did violence to daughter. But what does it mean ? Praj&pati, the Lord of Creation, is \jne of the sun, and he is called so, because he protects all creatures, daughter Ushas is the dawn. And when it is said that he was in love 1 her, this only means that, at sunrise, the sun runs after the dawn, the u being at the same time called the daughter of the sun, because she s when he approaches '*.*— History of Anc Scms,' Literature, pp. 529, 530. Muir, 0. S, Texts, IV. pp. 46, 47, where stanzas 4 — 7 are translated.

Vastoshpatim : V&stoshpati, the guardian of the house ; 'the locdol t\iA *th (of BacnBoey—WUaon. The word may be m vQ;9Q«^i<(]i^'«nd^Vr^^ er. "^Jire: aocordiDg to Sdyacia, B&kBhaaaB wbo goosoxgaVSu^^^* Page 548, Hymn CVI. I borrow Wilson's translation of the omitted stanzas. 5 ' You are like two pleasantly moving well-fed (hills) like Mitra and Varuna, the two bestowers of felicity, veracious, possessors of infinite wealth, happy, like two horses plump with fodder, abiding in the firmament, like two rams (are you) to be nourished with sacrificial food, to be cherished (with oblations). 6 ' You are like two mad elephants bending their forequarters and smiting the foe, like the two sons of Nitosa destroying (foes), and cherishing (friends) ; you are bright as two waterbom (jewels), do you, who are victorious, (render) my decaying mortal body free from decay. 7 ' Fierce (Aswins), like two powerful (heroes), you enable this moving, perishable mortal (frame) to cross over to the objects (of its destination) as over water ; extremely strong, like the Bibhus, your chariot attained its destination swift as the wind, it pervaded (everywhere), it dispensed riches. 8 * With your bellies full of the Soma^ like two saucepans, preserv-

ers of wealth, destroyers of enemies, (you are) armed with hatchets, moving like two flying (birds) with forms like the moon, attaining success through the mind, like two laudable beings, (you are) approaching (the sacrifice).* Page 598, Hymn CLXII. May Agni, yielding to our prayer, the Rakshas-slayer, drive away The malady of evil name that hath beset thy labouring womb. 2 Agni, concurring in the prayer, drite off the eater of thy flesh. The malady of evil name that hath attacked thy babe and 3 That which destroys the sinking germ, the settled, moving embryo. That which will kill the babe at birth,— even this will we drive 4 That which divides thy legs that it may lie between the mar- ried pair. That penetrates and licks thy side,— tven this will we exterminate. The subject is the Preveutiou oi Abottion. The Rishi is Rakshoha (Slayer of BAkahaABA), son of Brahmfil. , ,. o • >. -x • -w x.- v SfaTDRW 1, 2 are directed against A\t««a»,«^a.*-% ^«i«!<.^-,v\.^V^v*^Vx^ atUusk womeu who are about to Y)ftoon» mo\.\x«t». 5 What rests by thee in borrowed form of brother, lover, or of lord , And would destroy thy progeny, — even this will we exterminate.

6 That which through sleep or darkness hath deceived thee and lies down by thee, And will destroy thy progeny, — even this will we exterminate. Pagj 598, Hymn CLXIII. From both thy nostrils, from thine eyes, from both thine ears and from thy chn, forth from thy h«ad and brain and tongue I drive thy malady 2 From the nec):-tendons and the neck, from the breast-bones and from tie spine, From shoulders, upper, lower arms, I drive thy malady away. 3 From visce"^ and all within, forth from the rectum, from the heart. From kidieys, liver, and from spleen, I drive thy malady away. 4 From tUghs, from kneecaps, and from heels, and from the foreptrt of the feet. From iiips, from stomach, and from groin, I drive thy malady away. 5 From what is voided from within, and from thy hair, and from thy nails. From all thyself from top to toe, I drive thy malady away. 6 From every member, every hair, disease that comes in everyjoint, From all thyself, from top to toe, I drive thy malady away. Pagb 607, Hymn CLXXXIV. May Vishnu form and mould the womb, may Tvashtar duly shape the forms, Praj^pati infuse the stream, and Dh&tar lay the germ for thee.

2 0 Sin!v41t, set the germ, set thou the germ, Sarasvatt : May the Twain Gods bestow the germ, the Asvins crowned with lotuses. 3 That which the Asvins Twain rub forth with the attrition- sticks of gold, — That germ of thine we invocate, that in the tenth month thou mayst bear. The deity or subject is the cure of Yakahma or phthisis or consumption. 2 Sintvdli : t lunar Gk>dde88, who aids the birth of children. Cp. II. 82. 6. ' Verses 1 and 2 are incorporated in Atharva-veda, V. 25, which is a charm to Bcoompuiy the GarbhAdhAna ceremony to tiurax^ qt Uis^Xii^ v^^ N^vkm^ conceptum. 2 The same 8 1 Brihatt 2, S Triahtap. Bfihatt and Satobrihatt alternately. Indra. Munificence of. SttdAs (22.25). Virftj. 9 Trishtup. Trishtup. alternately. 3 Dvipadft ViiAj. Various (1). Bhaga. Usbs. Mitra and Varuna. Agni. Jagafci. 4 AtijagatS or Visvedevas. Praise of Rivers. Sakvart 1 Gayatrt. 2-4 Uparishi 1-11 Dvipadft Virftj. 15 Trishtup. 1, 3, 5 Brihat!. 2, 4, 6 S brihati. 7, 8 Trishtup.! Surya. Mitra and Varupa ^S^S^ mt.T% «^Ii^^ vc^T Mitra and Varuna. Adityas. Sttrya. G&yatrl. 10-15 Brihati and Satobrihatt alternately. 16 Pura-ushnih. Virftj. 8, 9 Trishtup. tJshas or Dawn. The same.

alternately. Trishtup. The same. Indra and Varuna. The same. alternately. Jagatt. The same. Trishtup. The same. Vayu. Indra and VAyu. The same. Gftyatrt 5 Jagatt. Trishtup. The same. Indra and Agni. The same. Sarasvat!. Sarasv&n. The same. Indra. Brihaspati. Indra andBrahmanaspati. Indi and Brihaapati. Indra. Indra and BrVbiai^ 1 Brihatt. 2 Satobrihatt. 3 Pi^stftrapankti 4-6 Qftytrt ^ishnu. Indra and Vishnu. Trisfatup. Indra and Soma. Indra. Soma Agni. The Gkxla. Press-stooes. Marats. Vasishtha's Prayer. Earth and Firmament. 1,8 GAyatrl. 2 Pftdanichrit. Trishtup. 1-6, 18,' 21, 23 Jagatt. 7 Jagatt or Trishtup. 25 Anushtup. 1 Pragfttha Kftnva Indra. Asanga's Manifi- (1, 2), Medhiiti- cence. Asanga. thi and Medh> y&tithi (3-29), A8anga(30-83), Sasvati (34). 2 Medhfttithi and Indra. Vibhindhu's 3 Medby4tithi. Indra. P^kasth&man's BrihaU. 2, 4 Satobrihatl. * 33, 34 Trishtup.' Indra. Indra or Pilshan. Kurunga's Munificence. Brihati and Satobribati alternately. 21 Anushtup. 22,23 GAyatri. 24 Brihati. Brihatt and Satobrihat! alternately. 21 Pura-ushpih. G4yatr!. 37, 38 Brihati. 35 Anushtup. G&yatrf. 9 Sasakarna. « . • 1, 4, 6,* 14, 15, Brihati. 2, 3, 20, 21, Oayatrt. 5 Kakup. 7,9,13,16. 19. Anusbtup. 10 Trishtup. 11 Virdj. 12 Jagat!. ' 1, 5 Brihati. 2 Madhyejyotis. 3 Anushtup. 4 Astarapankti. 6 Satobribati. GAyatri. 1 Pratishthd. 2 Vardham4n&. 10 Trishtup.

li Qoshdktin and Indra. Asvafiiiktin. Adityas. Afvins. Agni. Sarya, Vftta or Wind. Agni. Adityas. Trasadasyu's Munificence. G&yatrt. 14 Brihati. 15 Satobrihaii. 1-26, 28-33 Eakup and Satobrihatt alternately. 27 Dvipad& Virftj. 34 Ushnih. 35 Satobrihatl. 36 Eakup. 37 Pankti. Eakup and Satobrihatt alternately. Indra. Chitra's Munificence. The same. Indra. A Prince's Munificence. Mitra and Varu^a. VisvedevaB. 29 Manu, or Eas 1-7 Brihatt and Satobrihatt alternately. 8 AnusLtup. 9, 10, 13-18 Eakap and Satobrihatt alternately. 11 Eakup. 12Madhyejyoti8. Ushnih. 16,19,21,25Qlyatrt. 20 Anushtup. Brihati and Satobrihait alternately. Gftyatri. 4 Pura-ush^ih. Dvipad& Virftj. 1 Gftyatri. 2 Pura-ushnih. 3 Brihati. 4 Anushtup. Gftyatri. 9, 14 Anushtup. 10 Wife'. Their Benediction. Pftdanichpt. 15-18 Pankti. The same. Brihatt. 16-18 Gftyatri. 19 31 The same. The Tajamftna and his 82 Medhfttithi 33 Medhyfttithi. 38 Indra and Agni. 40 The 8am& lodra and Agni. 42 Archan&nas, or Varunai Asvins. 44 The same. The same 45 Trisoka. Agni and Indra. Indra. 46 Vaea Asvya. Indra. Munificence of Mahftpankti. 2 Sakvart. 12 Trishtup. 1-3 Trishtup. 4-6 Anush^p. 1 P&danighrit. 2-4, 6, 10, 23, 29, 38, G4yatrt. 5 Kakup. 7,11,19,25,27 Brihatt. SAnushtup. 9, 2i,28Satobnhatt. 12Viparltft. 13 Ghaturvinsatikft DnpadA. 14 Pipllikamadhyft Brihatt 15 Kakup Nyankusirft. 16 Virftj. 17 Jagatl. 18 Uparishtddbrihatt. 20 Vishamapadft. 21, 22, 24, 32 PanktL 30 Dvipadft Vkftj. 31 Ush^ih.

^ Trita Aptya. Adityas. Adityas and Brihatt and Satobrihatl alternately. 50 The same. Indra. 51 Pragfttha. The same. Pankti. 7, 9 Brihatl. 52 The same. Indra. The Gods. GAyatrt. 1, 4, 6, 7 Anushtup. 12 Trishtup. 57 Priyamedha. Indra. Munificence of Gftyatrt. 1,4, 7, 10 Anushtup. * Eleven must be added to the numbers of this and of all that follow in this Book to make them correspond with the numbers in Prof. Max MuUer'a editioBB of the text. See note i^. 1^1 . Varuna. Anushtup. 2 Ushnih. 4-6 GAyatrt. 11, 16'Pankti. 17, 18 Brihatt. Brihatt and Satobrihatt alternately. 7-12 Brihatl. 13 Ushnih. 14 Anushtup. 16 Pura-ushnih. Gftyatrt. 10-15 Brihatt and GAyatrt. 1, 4, 7, 10, 13-15 Gftyatrt 10 Brihati. 11 Satobrihatt.' 76 Dyumntka or Priyamedha 78 Nrimedha and The same. 82 Sukaksha. Indra. Indra and Ribhus. 83 Vindu, or Piita- Maruts. 1, 3, 7 Brihatt. 2, 4 Satobrihatt. 5, 6 Anushtup. Anushtup. 1^ 2 Pankti. Anushtup. TriBhtaiig. 4. Vvdv 87 Nrfanedha. The same. Agni Bftrhaepatya, or Agni Orihapati, or Tavishtha. Indra. Brihat^. 10, 1 3 Atijagatl . II , '12 Upariaht&dbrihatl. 14 Trishtup. 1*5 Jagati. Uehnih. 7, 10, 11 Eakup. 9, Trishtup. 6 Jagati. 7-9 Anushtup. l,6,7,9Jl,13Brihatl. 2,4, tya8.'ABvin8. V4yu. Surya. 6, 8, 10, 12 Satbbrihati. 3 Ushas. 'Pavam&na. Cow. Gayatrt. 14-16 Trishtup Agni. Gftyatrl.

Mitra and Varuna. Adi Agni. Agni and Manits. Brihati and Satobrihatt alternately. Praskanva's Munificence. G&yatri. 3-5 Anushtup. The same. Agni and Sdrya. G&yatri. 5 Pankti. Asvins. Trishtup. Visvedevas. The Priests . The same. Indra and Varuna. Jagati. 1 Madhuchchhan- Soma Pavam^na. 2 Medhfttithi. The same. 6 The same. Soma Pavamdna. 7-24 The same. * These eleven hjmna axe ii\xm>w5«»^ ^^— ^^ \^^xq\.^'«s.^^^'«^^k editioQB of the text. 32 Syftvftava. 83 Trita Aptya. S4 The same. 36 Prabhfiyasu. 39 firihanzaati. 4} The same. 44 Aydsya. i5 The same. 66 The Vaikh&nasas. Soma Pavam&na. Agni. Gftyatrt. 18 Anushtup, 67 Bharadv&ja. Pavam&na Soma. Pavam&na QAyatrt. 16-18 Dvipad4G4< Easyapa. Gota- Pilshan. Agni. Savitar. All- yatri. 27,31, 32 Anushma.'Atri.yi8v&- Gods. Praise of Students. tup. 30 Pura-ushoih. mitra. Jamadagni Yasishtba, Pavitra, » • • 9% t • • 68 Vatsaprt. Soma Pavam&na. 59 Hiranyasttipa. The same. Ji^tl. 10 Trishtup. Jagatl. 9, 10 Trishtup. Jagatl 10 Trishtup. jagatl. 9 Trishtup. f 47 ... *•• ... •• Jagatl. 5 Trish«;up. The same. Jagatt. The same. Maahas. The Sikata Niv&varia. The Prisni Ajaa. Atri. Gritsamada. Jagatl. 11, 12 Trishtup. Jagatt. 92 The same. - - - drapramati. Manyu. Upamanyu. Vyftghrapftd. Sakti Karnasriit. Mrilika. Vasukra. Par&saia. Ambarfaha and Soma Pavam&na. Rijisvan.

99 TheRebhasfinuB. The same. ti. Nahusha. Manu. Praj&pati. N4rada, or the Sikhandinls. 108 Gaurivlbi. Sakti. Oru. Rijisvan. Ordhvasadman. Kritayas4. Rinauchaya. Anushtup. 2, 5 G&yatri. Prftgitha. 3, 16 Dvipadi Vir4j. 8, 10 Brihati. 1-12 Kakup and Satobrihatt alternately. 13 Q&yatrt Yavamadhy&. 14, 16 Satobdhati. 15 Kakup. 109 Agnis of Saen fice. • • • 1 v« •• 1-3 Anushtup Piptlikamadh y&. 4-9 Crdhvabrihati 10-12 Viraj. 9 Tri8ira8,or Sin- Waters, dhudvtpa. G&yatrl. 6 Vardhaniftn&. 7 Pratinhthft. 8, 9 Anushtup. The same. The Two Carts. Yama. The Deities men- Trishtup. 13, 14. 16 Anushtioned. The Fathers. The tup. 15 Brihatt. Huunds, sons of Saram&. The Fathers. Trishtup. 11 Jagatl. Agni. Trishtup. 11-14 Anushtup. Saranyfl. Pushan. Sarasvatt.Trishtup 14 Anushtup. 13 Waters. Soma. Anushtup or Purast&d- Mrityn. DbAtar. Tvaahtar. Trishtup. 11 Prastftrapankti. The Pitrimedha.PraJ!ipati. 13 Jagatl. 14. Anushtup. 19 Mathita.Bhrigu, Waters, or Cows. Agni Anushtup. 6 G&yatri, or Chyavana. and Soma. 20 VimadaorVa- Agni. Bukrit. 28 Vasukra's Wife. Indra. Vasukra. Indra. Vasukra. ludra. Asvins., Soma. Pdahan.' Indra. G&yatrl. 1 Ekapadft Virftj. "2 Anushtup. 9 Virftj. 10 Trishtup. Purastadbi ihati. 5, 7, 9 Anuslitup. 15 Trishtup. Jngati. 1, 7 Trishtup. 5 Abhis&riDi. Anushtup. 1, 4 Ushnih. 29 Vasukra. SO Kayasha. 3 1 The same. Waters, or Child of Waters,

Visvedevas. Indra. Kurusravana. Upam^isravas. Visvedevas. The same. Surya. 1-5 Jagatl. 6-9 Trishtup. 1 Trishtup. 2 Brihati. 3 Sato brihati. 4-9 GAyatr . Trishtup. 7 Jagatl. Jagatl. 13, 14 Trishtup. S Rlshi. Deity. Metre, 38 IndraMushka- Indra. Jagati. 89 Gho8h&. Asvins. Jagati. 14 Trishtup. 40 The same. The same. Jagat!. 41 Suhastya. The same. 42 Krishna. Indra. Trishtup. 4^ The same. The same. Jagatt. 10, 11 Trishtup. 44 Jagat!. 1-3,10, 11 Trishtup. 45 Vatsapr!. Agni. Trishtup. 46 The same. The same. The same. 47 Saptagu. Indra Yaikuntha. 48 Indra Vaikun- The same. Jagati. 7, 10, 11 Trishtup. 49 The same. Jagatt. 2, 1 1 Trishtup, 50 1, 2. 6, 7 Jagati. 3, 4 Abhi- 51 Agni Sauchtka. Agni. Gods. Trishtup. 52 The same. Gods. The same. 53 Agni Sauchtka. Agni. Gods. Trishtup. 6, 7, 9-11 Jagat!. 54 Brihaduktha. Indra. Trishtup. 55 The same. The same. The same. 56 Visvedevas. Trishtup. 4, 6 Jagatt. 57 Bandhu, Sruta- The same. Gftyatrl. 58 The same. The Spirit. Anushtup. 59 Nirriti. Soma. Asuniti. The Trishtup. 8 Pankti. 9 Ma- Deities mentioned. Heav- h&pankti.lOPanktyuttarA en and Earth. Indra. 60 The GaupAya- Asamftti. Indra. Subandhu's Anushtup. 1-6 Gftyatrt. 8* nas and their Recall to Life. The Hands. 9 Pankti. Mother.

62 The same. Visvedevas, or Angirases. 1-4 Jagatt. 5, 8, 9 Anush- Visvedevas. S&varni's tup. 6 Brihail. 7 Sato- Liberality, brihatt. 10 Gdyatrt. 11 63 Gaya. Visvedevas. Pathy& Svasti. Jagatt. 16, 17 Trishtup. 15 64 The same. Visvedevas. Jagatt. 12, 16, 17 Trishtup, 65 Vasukarna. The same. Jagatt. 15 Trishtup. 66 The same. The same, dZ AyAayA. Brihaspati. Ti\»\iVr^. Brihaspati. Agni. Aprls. Jfi^nam. Gods. Indra. The same. The Rivers. The Press- stones. Maruts. The same. 79 Agni, or Sapti. Agni. 80 Agni. The same. 1, 3, 4, 8 Trishtup. 2, 5-7 Jagati. 1-3 Ti-ishtup. 4-7 Jagati. Soma. Suryjl's Bridal. Gods. Anushtup. l4, 19-21 23, Somaaud Arka.TheMoon. 24, 26, 36, 37, 44 TrishBenedictions. Suryii. tup. 18, 37, 43 Jagati. 86 Indra. Indrftnl. Indra. IndM.;!. Vrishdkapi. Tankti. Vrishakapi. 98 PevApi. 90 Vamra, The Press-stones. UiTiVFi. Pururavas. Trishtup. 22, 25 Anushtup. Prastdrapankti . 2. 3, 1 3 Anushtup. 9 Pankti. 11 Nyankupdrini. 15 Purastadbrihati. Jagati. 5, 7, 14 Trishtup. Trishtup. Jagati. 32, 13 Trii^htup. Indra, or the Mace. Indra. Brihaspati. Apvji. Maruts. 107 Divya, or Dak- Guerdon. 108 Saramd. Panis. SaramA. Pain's. 110 Jr.madagni or Apiis. 112 Nabhabprabbe- The same. 114 Sfvdhri or Ghar- Visvedevas. Agni. Agni, Va- Agui. Indra. runa, and Soma.

Trisbtup. 4, 6 Qiyatrt. 5 Brihati 9, 12 Jagati. Trishtup, 1, 3, 12 Brihatt. Ushriih. 2, 7 PipilikamadhyA. 11 Trishtup. Trishtup. 6, 7 Anushtup. Jagati. 10 Trishtup. Trishtup. 4 Jagati. Jagati. 8 Trishtup. Sakvart. Trishtup. 1, 2 Jagatf. Jagati. 1, 5 Trishtup. Up.nrish tldbrihatf . 8 Trishtup! Trishtup. 9 Jagatf. Trishtup. Heaven and Earth, Asyins. tftrapankti. 8« pA. 7MahA8«l 1-3 Sakvan. 4^ ti. 7 Triahtup 135 KumAra. Tama. ^ 136 Seven Munis : The Kesins. jatLVAUjiUi. Viprajati.VrishAnaka. EtsM. Risyasringa. * 1 VishtArapank« tobrihati. 6 C jyotis. 6 Trislr Trishtup. 1, 2 Ja 1, 3. 4 GAyatri. ' 5 Satobrihati. 6 pankti. 1-3 Brihati. 4 U jyotis or Jagati rishtajjyotis. 167 Bhuvans, or Visvedev»a. I5S ^Hcbl Pauloml. 3wbl Paulomt. 161 YafcahmanArana, Romoial of PhtUisw. 182 Bak«faohlk. Ag&iaat UiBuarrit^«, 163 Vivrihit. Removal of Phlhiaia. 161 PriicIieUs. Uisaipatiou of Bod Dreams. An mil tup. Trtehtup. ViB.imitra ( Jaraadigni. Anil.. Sabsj*. 175 Crdhvagrdvan. The Prew-atoneg. 176 SQnu. lUbhus. Agiii. 178 Atiablanemi. Titkshya. 178 Sibi. PraUida- Indra. 150 Jays. The same. 151 Piacha. Sapra- Visvedevai. 1 JagatL 2, 3 Triahtup, 1 Anuabtup. 2, 3 Triahtup. Tile Sacriticer. Hia Wife. Benedicdaii ai the Embryo. Agni Jaidvedaa. Sitparij&i, or Siirya. 1. C.eatioii. i I ■ I DEITIES OF DAWN. Ushas, Dawn. Morning. — I. 48. 49. 92.

79. 80. VI. 64. 65. VII. 75-81. X. 172. The Asviiis.— I. 34. 46. 47. 112. 116- COSMIC DEITIES. Ribhus.— I. 20. 110. 111. III. 60. IV 33-37. VII. 48. Heaven and Earth.— I. 159. 160. 185 120. 157. 158. 181)^84. 11.39. III. 58. Prithivl.— V. 84, 74. 76. Vaiakhilya Hymns, at the end of VIII. 9. X. 39-41. 106. 143. Dadhikravan, DadhikrAs.— IV. 38 40. VII. 44. Agui as a God of Morning. — IV. 13.14. Sarasvatl. - VI. 61. VII. 95-96. Waters.— VII. 47. 49. X. 9. Waters, or Cows. — X. 19. Son of Waters, Apftranapftt. — IT. 35. Soma.— I. 91. VIII. 48. 68. X. 26. VARUNA AND SUN-GODS. Varuna.— I. 24. 25. 11. 28. V. 85. VII. 86. 89. VIII. 41. 42. Mitra.-III. 59. VII. 41. Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman. — I. 41. Mitra and Varuna.— I. 136. 137. 151- VIII. 25. X. 132. 185. AdityaR.-II. 27. VII. 51. 52. VIII. 18. 47. 56. SCirya.— 1. 50. 115. X. 37. 158. Visvedevas, All-Gods.— I. 14. 89. 90. 106. 107. 122. 139. 186. IL 29. 31. III. 54-57. IV. 55. V. 41-51. VL 49-52. VII. 34. 36. 37. 89. 40. 42. 43. VIII. 27-30. 72. X. 31. 35. 36. 63-66. 92. 93. 100.

Asvins, Savitar, Agni, Heaven and E;.rth, Vishnu.— I. 22. V^yu, Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Visvedevas. P.ibhan, Waters, Agni. — I. 23. Heaven and Earth, Indra, Tvashtar, Rftka, Sinivalt— II. 32. Savitar.— I. 35. II. 38. IV. 53. 54. V. 81. 82. VI. 71. VII. 88. 45. X. 139. 149. Indra, Vdyu, Mitra, Varuna, Asvins, PAshan.— I. 42. 138. VI. 53-56. 58. Visvedevas, Sarasvati, Dyaus, Pri- Vishnu.— L 154-156. VII. 99. 100. Visvakarmnn. — X. 81. 82. Vt.na -X. 123. Vibhraj.-X. 170 TArksliya.— X. 178. Sari>arajiiir or Surya — X. 189. Indra, Varuna, Brihaspati, Piiahau, Savitar, Soma, Mitra, Varuna. — III. 62. Mitr.u Vrirunri, Adityas, Asvins, Vityu, Surya, Pavamdua, the Cow. — VIII. * 1 follow the classification iind jirrangenient. adopted by Professor Lndwi^ in his Trunylation. The names of many ot" (lie doities are repeated in other Section!!! in accordance with the subjects of the hymns addressed to thi-m. For iiL^taucti. tlie <*veni deeds of ludva av^ \<6\^\,fe«\\\i\v^\xvVkss x^^^iv^Wx*. the Cohinoguuical and Mvtliical Section. AGNI (JATAVEDAS AND VA18VANARA). I. 1. 12. 26. 27. 31. 36. 44. 45. 58-60. 65-79. 94-99. 127. 128. 140. 141. 143.150. 189. II. 1. 2. 4-10. III. 13.5-7. 9-11. 13-28. IV. M2. 15. V. 1-4. 6-11. 13-28. VI. 1-16. 48. VII. 1. 3. 4-17. VIII. 11. 19. 23. 39, 43. 44. 49. 60. 61. 63. 64. 73. 91. 92. X. 1-8. 11. 12. 20. 21. 45. 46. 79. 80. 87. 88. 91. 115. 118. 122. 140. 142. 150. 156. 176. 187. 188.

88. 40. Agni-Maruts. — I. 19. Indra-Soma — VI. 72. VII. 104. Agni-Soma. — I. 93? Soma- Rudra.— VI. 74. Soma-Pusban. — II. 40. Visvedevas — X. 114. Sacred Metres- — X. 130. Praise of the Angirases.— X. 62. The Sacrificer and his Wife.— VIII. 31. The Sacrificer, Wife, and Hotar.— X. 183 Faith.— X. 151. Visvedevas.— X. 157. State of the Dead.— X. 154. Dakshin^ (Priests' Guerdon).— X. 107. Ritvijas (Priests). — Valakhilya. 10. X. 101. Apris.— I. 13. 142. 188. II. 3. IIL 4. V. 5. VII. 2. IX. 5. X. 70. 110. Productiou of Sacrificial Fire. —IIL 29. Sacrificial Stake.— III. 8. Pestle and Mortar.— I. 28. Pressstones.— X. 76. 94. 175. Havirdh4nas. — X. 13. Ritus (Seasons). — II. 36. 37. Soma PavamAna. — IX. 1-4. 6-114. Praise of the Horse.— I. 162. 163. Waters, or Son of Waters. —X. 30. Saranyfl, PAshan, Sarasvati, Waters, Soma.— X. 17. Sury&'s Bridal— X. 85. Vftstoshpati (Guardian of the House).— VII. 54. 55. Kshetrapati (Lord of the Field) and Sita (Furrow).— IV. 57. Praise of Food.— I. 187. Aranyaui (God- ^^*«, oi -Ocv^ VQte&M .— X . 146. Night. — X. 187. Against MiBcarriage.— X. 162. Asvins.— V. 78. Maruts.— I. 172. Soma Pavam&na. — IX. 114. Visvedevas.— X. 137. Cows.— X. 169. Water, Grass, Silrya.— I. 191. Indra.— VIII. 80. Mitra, Varuna, Agni, Visvedevas, Praise of Rivers. —VII. 50. Visvedevas.— X. 126. Charm against Phthisis. — X. 161. 163. Charm against Evil Dreams. — X. 164. Indra.— I. 29. The Bird of Good Omen.— II. 42. 43. The Bird of 111 Omen.— X. 165. Charm against a rival Wife.— X. 145. Sachl Pauloml— X. 159. Visvedevas. — X. 128. 141. Removal of a Rival— X. 166. Benediction of the King. — X. 173. 174. Unanimity.— X. 191. Yama, the Fathers, the Dogs. — X. 14. The Fathers.— X. 15. Agni.— X. 16. Mrityu, Dh&tar, Tvashtar, the Pitrimedha, Prajipati. — X. 18. Visvedevas.— X. 56. Pavam4ua Soma.— IX. 1-4. 6-114.

Creation of the World.— X. 129. 190. Creation by Sacrifice of Purusha. — X. 90. Ka.— X. 121. The Goda.— X. 52. 72. Visvedevas.— I. 105. 164. 181. M4y4bheda.— X. 177. Agni, Surya, Waters, the Cow, Ghrita. — IV. 58. Rivalry of Indra and Varuna.— IV. 42. X. 124. Indra's Birth.— IV. 18. Indra. Praise of the Falcon.— IV. 26. Praise of the Falcon. — IV. 27. Indra and Soma. —IV. 28. Indra and Ushas.— IV. 30. Indra.— I. 32. 33. 51. 53. X. 27. 48. 49. 67. 68. 99. 102. 111. 119. 167. Indra. Vasukra.- X. 28. Indra. Maruts. Agastya. — X. 165. 170 Maruts.— V. 61. Indra. V4k — VIII. 89. Agni. The Gods.- X. 51. Agni Sauchlka. The Gods.— X. 53. Indra. Surya. Atri.— V. 40. Vrishikapi. Indrinl. Indra.— X. 86. Urvasi. Purdravas.— X 95. Saraml Panis. —X 108. Visvedevas.— X. 57. Recall of the Spirit.— X. 58. Nirriti. Soma. Asunlti. Earth. Heaven and Earth.— X. 59. Asamiti. IndraSubandhu's Recall to Life. The Hands.— X. 60. V4k Ambhrini.- X. 125. Jfi4nam— X. 71. Yama.— X. 135. Praise of the Rivers. — X. 75. Vasishtha and the Rivers. — III. 33. Indra and Parvata, Indra, Vak Sasaipart. Praise of the Chariot. — III. 53. Indra, Ch&yam&na's Munificence.— V. 27. Indra. Sudfts's Munificence. — VII. 18. Vasishtha's Sons. Vasishtha.— VII. 33. fndra and Varuna. — VII. 83. Dadhikr&van. —IV. 38. Agni.— V. 12. Savanaya's Munificence. — I. 125. Bh&vayavya and Romas&. — I. 126. Lop&mudr& and Agastya. — 1. 179. Asvins. — VIII. 75. Agni.— X. 69. The Gods.— X. 98. Visvedevas. Kurusravana's Mu-

nificence. — X.33. Praskanva's Munificence. — Vftlakhilya. 7. 8. Kesins. — X. 136. Visvedevas.— X. 109. The Frogs.— VII. 103. Weapons of War.— VI. 75. Indra.— X. 38. 105. Soma Pavamana.— IX. 112. Medicinal Herbs.- X. 97. The Dice.— X. 34. Liberality.— X 117. Abhiplava, a certain So- 486, 487, 493, 512, 514, 182, 185-189, 199-202, ma ceremony, 136, 400 523, 538, 510, 541, 554, 217-220, 222-^4,^231, notesi. 579, 607. 250, 254-257, 266, 267. Abhivarta, a hymn or of- Aditi = Agni, 145. 272, 273, 309, 319, 322, fering for success, 603 note. Abortion, charm against, 612, 613. AcesineB, Latin name of the Asiknt, the river Chenab, 150, 490 note. Adam and Eve, the Indian, 392 note. 514, 665, 681. Adhavaniya, one of the Adityas, Gods, seven or three large Soma re- eight in number, 12, = the Earth, 288. = the Cosmic Cow, Aditya, son of Aditi, especially Varuna and the Sun,4, 81, 219,253, 263, 326,330, 405, 418, 453, 460, 478, 483,487, the eight names of. ceptacles, 108,124,347, 370 notes, Adhrigu, a Rishi or a prince, 132, 153. Adhvaryu(s) priest, priests who perform the practical work of sacrifice, 3, 97, 171, 219,277,278,302,350, 355, 362, 384, 405,406, 414,423-425,440,454, 487. 486, 521. Adoption of children, 6.

Adi-Purusha, the Prime- Agastya, a great Vedic val Presiding Male or Rishi, 36, 118, 464. Embodied Spirit, 518, Agh4 days, when the 576 notes. moon is in the constel- Aditi, Infinity, Infinite lation Magh&, 502. Nature, the Mother of Agni, God of Fire and the Gods, 4, 12, 15, 22, Light, 1-16, 20, 30, 211,230,253,306,382, Agni, Lord of Heaven 432, 433, 450, 458, 470- and Earth, 8 ; Lord of 35, 37-40, 43-48, 51, 52, 56, 58, 61, 65, 72, 75, 76, 84, 88, 89, 94. 96, 99, 100, 125, 126, 131-133, 143-147, 154156, 161, 163, 164, \^S, 108, 169,■l74,175>n^- Light, 144, 189 ; identified with the Sun, 9, 187, 386,426, 467, 513, 514; the Moon at night, 613 ; identified with Varuna, 390; witli Varuna and Mitra, 13 ; created by the Sods, 513,514; Sonof Dyaus, 445, 446 ; son of Dawn, 558 ; of Earth, 385 ; of Heaven and Earth, 9, 383, 390, 395, 447, 585 ; of Heaven and Earth, Waters, Tvashtar, Brigus, 447 ; comprising other Gods, 396 ; produced by atItWaotv, \, ^^\, %^^^ father k brother, 389; Agni, a religions cere- Ajas, a non- Aryan tribe, head and height of mony, 558. 20.

heaven, 188; born from Agnishvftttas, a class of Akhandala, Destroyer, a the mouth of Purusha, Manes, 401 note, name of Indra, 142. 519 ; spiritual husband Agraya^a, a certain Soma Aksha, said to be a man's of maidens, 506 ; con- libation, 330 note. name, 195 note. secrator of marriage, Agriculture, 519 ; the be- Akshar&, Speech, V4k, 506 ; giver of children iginning of, 421 note ; 14, 41. 495 ; invoked in battle, ploughing, 150, 153, AUyya, perhaps a name 132, 222, 224, 482, 496 ; 548, 563 ; sowing, 527 ; of Indra, 323. jungle-clearing fire, reaping,152, 577; sickle, All-God, Indra, 248; 218, 586, 608 ; slayer 227; threshing, 450; Yama 400 no^e. of fiends, 510-512; winnowing, 419, 480; All-Gods, 51, 52, 410,571. punisher of sin, 3 ; barley, grain, 480, 577. See Visvedevas. ripener of plants, 513; Ahavanlya, one of the Amrit, Amrita, nectar his installation as three sacrificial fires, ambrosia, rain, milk, Priest of Gods, 454, 186, 386 notes. 6, 57, 207, 253, 263, 455 ; his flight from Ahi, the Dragon or Ser- 271, 326, 327, 332, 376, his duties, 446, 453, pent-demon who with- 379, 395, 425, 457, 568, 454; Priest, Messen- holds the rain, 113, 585,607. ger, oblation-bearer, 239, 240, 245, 449, 472, Anava, Anavas, descen146, 447, 483; his 479,555. dants of the epony-

divine functions, 146, Ahibudhnya, the Dragon mous chief Anu. 512; his three births, of the Deep, regent of Ancestral spirits, 74. See 445 ; three forms, 513, of the sea of air, 37, Fathers. 549 ; three homes^ 467 ; 39, 43, 472, 477, 523. Anghari, one of the guarthree powers, 445; Ahtsuva, a demon of the diansof Soma, 501 not^. three stations, 445. air, 169, l7l, 225, 588. Angiras, a semi-divine Agnldh, kindler, priest Ahnavftyya, said to be a patriarchal Rishi ; also who kindles, the sa- man's name, 191 note. a name of Agni, 135, crificial fire, 384, 440, Ahura, Zend form of 174, 186188,200,222, 521. Asura, High God, 366 223, 231, 255, 373, 398, Agnihotra, daily oblation note. 448, 469, 478, 480, 498, to Agni and Gods, 455 Aila, Pururavas son of 524. note. 114. 530 note. Angiras«s, descendants AgnimAruta, a ceremony Aindravftyava, a libation of Angiras, 46, 48, 52, in which Agni is wor- to Indra and Vftyu, 73, 76, 86, 121, 138, shipped first and then 106 note. 167, 176, 183, 205, 235 the Maruts, 126 note. Aitareya-Brjlhmana, 186, 309, 344, 376, 379, 398, Agni-pranayana, ceremo- 242, 434, 467, 577, 604. 399, 419, 460, 466, 469 ny of carrying fire to Aja, the Unborn, the 478, 484, 489, 494, 551, the altar, 604 note. Birthless, 498. 554, 583, 591, 598, 601.

Agnis, Agni in various A^a-'EV^t^fiL^, ^\i«i \^\:^ot\v kvv^vt'&aa.^ *. descendant forms 166 337 One-iooVeA, \-Ve ^mt\, c>\,Q.x\s^^\y^\s.^^\a,S>^^ 4^msi](oma/ Praise of S9, W, ^1^, '^"'i/^^^- N.x.iv.^^^^,^V.,^^V Animala, tame and wild, crifice, 558. Arjlkas, name of a people, hor8e,bull, cow, pasi/m; Apnavftna, an ancient 317. goat, 19, 321,402, 41ff ; Rishi, 254. Arjiklya, « Arjika, 207, ass, 232, 266 ; dog, 63, Apil, Aprts, a class of 490. 54, 101, 26&, 368 ; lion propitiatory hymns, 3, Arjuna,a man'8name,21. 19, 361, 421, 422, 479 ; 272, 483, 653. Arjuneya, Kutsa descen- elephant, 172, 190,304; Apaaras, a celestial dant of Arjana, 21, buffalo, 119, 123, 176, nymph, 394, 528, 669. 104. 292 ; Qaura, 114, 191, the, the chief, Ur- Arjunls, two hinar man- 673 ; antelope, 114 ; yaaf, 36, 36, 412. sions, 502. deer, 107, 291 ; ape, Apsarases, 335, 628, 529, Arka, the Sun, 549. 507 ; wild-boar, 226, 582. Arksha, patronymic, son 421, 479 ; wolf, 174, names of six, 528. of Riksha, 213. 209, 211,261,630,573,' Aptya, Aptyas, dwelling Armaiti, in the Ave8ta = jackal, 421 ; hyena, in water, a class of earth, 522 note. 487; fox, 421 ; serpent, deities, 134, 197, 198, Armour, 31, 119, 197,

99, 471 ; emmet, 403 ; 390,.665.. - ' 343, 365, 36«, 376, 494,. vulture, 101, 355, 569 ; Apvd,^^lic personified, 541. owl, 160, 101; swan, ^^. Arrian, 148. 176, 291 ; dove, 698, Arachosia, 175 note. Arrow, the stroke of dis- 599 ; cuckoo, 101 ; Ara^u,. a kind of tree, ease or death, 71, 143* starling, 176; king-fish- 195. the thunderbolt,. er, 534 ; blue jay, 634. Aradva,saidtobea man's 226. Ansa, one of the Adityas, name, 195 tvote. Arshtishena, son of Rish> 382, 487 notes, Aramati, the Groddess of tishena, 636. Ansa, a 'jprottgi of the Devotion, 38, 41, 46, Artificer of Gods ; set Asvins, 118. 68, 474, 522. Tvashtar. Ansumat!, a mystical = Earth, 522. Arushah, the Red, Agni river of air, 246, 463. Aranis, fire-sticks, 186, or the thunderbolt, Anu, the eponymus of 426 iwtez. 443 noic. an Aryan tribe, 19, Aranydnl, Goddess of the Arushas, Agni's horses^ 113, 131. Wood, 589, 590. 46 note. Anumati, Divine Favour Araru, name of a fiend, Arya, Aryan, Aryas, 8^ personified, 599, 600 ; 538. 48, 72, 79, 91, 144, 16?,. a Lunar Goddess, 332. Ar^yi, a witch or she- 159, 266, 262, 362, 395, Anushtup, a Vedic and fiend, 694. 436, 442, 461, 464, 473^,

classical metre, 63,671, Arbuda, name of a de- 476, 482, 499,. 509, 539, 577. mon, 113, 169,171,479, 684,592. Anuyftja, after-sacrifice, 654. Aryaman, one of the chief final sacrifice, 606. Archan, said to be a Ri- Adityas, 38, 40, 43-46, Apal&, a girl healed by shi's name, 691 note. 52, 68, 60-63, 65, 66, Indra, 236. Architect of the worlds, 78, 80, 89, 143, 146, Ape, 607. ^ 497 n/oU, 147, 160, 1 62, 164-l^ft., Apnftna, the passage le&d- Arjfka, a district \n"N..\s\ \^^,V^'^A^'^ .*L\^^'iS»^, lag to the place of sa- India, 125, S81. ^I^^^'iVL, ^^^i^.^V^.^^'^* 349, 377, 3S2. 425, 433, Aavalayana, a famous 507, 519, 520, 552, 565, 440, 407, 473, 474, 480, writer on ritual, 384, 583, 587, 594, 598, 609, 487, 503, 505, 506, 516, 407 notes. 613. 523, 624, 572, 573, 586, Asvamedha, Horee-sacri- Atiratra, a certain Soma 606. fice, 595 note. ceremony, 97. Ayam&ti, said to be the Asvamedha, a man's Atithigu, said t-o be a name of a king, 463, name, 212, 213. man's name, 450 note. 464 notes. Asvamedha, son of Asva- Atithigva, a name of Di- Asanga, the name of a medha, 213. vod^a. 22, 212, 213, chieftain, 106, 107, 173. Asvattha, a sacred tree, 263,450. Asikni, the river Cheuftb, 426, 453, 533. Atithyeshti, a certain re-

Asvins, the Horsemen, ligious ceremony, 186 Twin heraMs of Dawn, note. 11, 39, 45, 48, 52, 67- Atka, a man's name, 451, 73, 116-119, 126-131, 538. 143, 144, 146, 152-154, Atmospheres, three, 498. 160-164, 167, 175-177, Atri, an ancient Rishi, 185,220,221,231-233, 68,71, 118, 177-179, 242, 261, 266, 267, 275, 220, 221, 352, 437, 496, • 337, 349, 384, 404, 413, 498, 577, 587, 592. 415, 422, 426, 432, 436- Atris, 167, 178, 180. 440, 454, 463, 465, 4«)6, Atyaguishtoma, a religi472, 476, 477, 496, 502, ous ceremony, the se504, 523-525, 548, 549, cond part of the Jyo571, 575, 578, 587, 613. tishtoma, 558 twte. their Consort, 69, Aufrecht, Prof. Th., 54, 43S ; their character, 205, 237, 485. 150, 490. Asmanvatl, Stony, the name of a stream, 456. Ass, the steed of the As- vins, 232. Asses, presented to priests, 266. Asterism(8), 318, 458, 473, 524 notes. Astrabudhna, a man's Astrabudhna, son of As- tnibudhna, 602. Anuniti, Spirit- world ; deity of funerals, 402, 462, 463. Asuru, High God, 3,8,30, lord, king, 525 note. Asuras, 5, 8, 498, 570, 592. Asura, a demon, 246, 456, 578, 584. Asuras, 40, 61, 1«G, 245, 247,32S,45rt, 595,601. Asura-slayer, Agni, 13. Asuri, a female tiend, 448

note. Asva, a Rishi, 158. Asviighrici, the patnmy mic of Si i^riucc, 4GS. 437 ; their miracles, Auldua, sotn of Ula, 536. 220, 221, 437-439 ; Aurnavabha, son of Ur- physiciaus, 129, 143, navabha, a demon of 232, 437 ; first teachers drought, 171, 225. of agriculture, 153 ; Aurva, an ancieut Rishi, their chariot, 67-69, 254. 71, 118, 152, 153, 220, Ausija, Kakshiv^n son of 232, 267, 436, 438, 440, Usij, 538. 502. Autooiat, Varuna, 78. Asvya, a family name. Autumn, 518. 195, 196. Autumns, 42, 61. Atharvau, a fire-prie-st, Avabhritha, a bath for 129, 376, 410, 449, 511, cleansing Soma plants, Atharvans, 278, 399. Axe, 5, 79, 100, 221, 355, Al"haY\?y.-\ed'v3t,Tl\eH\frans 456, 457, 541. oit\\e,%^,\^^,^'^'^-;^'^'^^ ^'^^^^ ^^^\ the 'd9'2. 4QQ, 45"^, Vt)*^^, ^'^^ ^ 'Ocom^^x^^v^H.^VL^. Ayftsya, a Rishi's name, Name, 463. Bradke, P. von, 64. 278 fUfU, 478. Bhalftnaa, a non- Aryan Brahma, 391, 664 notes, Ayu, a Proper Name ; tribe, 18. BrahmA, 466, 552, 656, man; living being, 86, Bharadvftja, agreatRishi, 566 notes. 189, 262, 263, 404, 461. 352, 577. 592, 606! Brahmachir!, a reUgioua Bharata, Warrior; a name, student, 652. Babb, the, Agni, 468. See 10. Brahman, 9, 25, 125, 140, Infant. Bharatas, 10, 35. 167, 173, 207, 239,355,

Babhru,akingoraRi8hi, Bhftratt, a Goddess of 380,384,422,454,469, 153. Speech, 4, 273, 463, 486,492,505,515,521, Balbaja, a kind of coarse 484, 553. 549, 552, 556, 558, 562, grass, 265. Bheda, a non- Aryan king, 572,586. BalbAtha, a non- Aryan 20, 80. Brahmans, 46, 65, 170, chief, 196. Bhr^ja, a guard of Soma, 225, 245, 448, 485, Bandhu, a Rishi, 464. 501 note, 501, 503. Barber, 115, 586. Blirigu, an ancient Rishi, Bifthman, 98, 244, 267, BArhatas,guardsof Soma, 112, 186, 254, 482. 519, 535, 536. * 601 note, Bhrigus, 17, 112, 121, 175, Brfthmans,*96, 97, 191, BArhia, altar or seat of 254, 369, 399, 419, 438, 391, 403, 485. ^ sacred grass, 323 note, 446, 447, 523, 568. Brahmanaspati, Lord of \ Barley, 5, 107, 227, 237, Bhujyu, a protig^ of the Prayer, 46, 48, 91, 92, 417,677. Asvins, 68, 70. 113, 163, 338, 456, 474, Battle, 486, 465. 117, 171, 192, 223, 250 486, 594, 598, 602,603. Beard, 171, 536; of Indra, 437, 439, 476, 587. Bridal, of Sflryft, 501,502. 412, 413, 532. Bhiitftnsa, a Rishi, 549. —^-ceremonies, 503-506, Bee, 439, 548. Bird, Soma, 341, 357 ;— Bride, benediction on a, Benfey, Prof., 19, 277, the, the Sun, 386, 459, 606. 278, 288, 301, 366, 393. 547, 557, 569, 604, 608; Bridge, 296. ' Bergaigne, Prof. A., 95, the Moon, 338. Brihaddiva, a Rishi, 565.

98, 205, 287, 292, 314, Birds, Agni and Soma, 358. BrihaddivA, a Goddess 331, 338^ 367, 390, 400, See Animals. connected with lift and 457, 482, 487, 507, 509, Black Drop, the darken- Sarasvatl, 473. 514, 563, 571, 600. ed Moon, 246. Brihadratha, name of a Bhaga, an Aditya, God of Black skin, aborigines,296. chief, 45 1 . Good Fortune, 14, 15, Bloomfield, Prof. M„ 404. Brihaduktha, a Rishi, 38, 41-46, 48, 65, 143, Boar, 54, 226, 537 ; = 458-460. 146, 265, 275, 298,306, Soma, 358. Brihaspati = Brahmanas- 338,' 364, 368, 377, 382, Boat, 64, 84, 245, 327, pati, 12, 91-93, 131, 425, 432, 471, 473, 477, 354, 561. See Ship. 246, 273, 336, 337,340, 480,' 487, 503, 505,522, Body, parts of the, 613. 355, 397, 398, 405, 524,' 525. 571, 586. Boldness, personified, 38. 432, 433, 442-444, 472, Bh^avata-Purftna, 520. Bowls, the two, heaven 474, 475, 478-481, 523, Bb&jeratha, a Proper and earth, 444. S^V^^^,t>^^,t>^V,^V^^ 552, 575, 677, 5S6, 597, Varuna, 62 ; strong he- Children, prayer for ; 600, 602, 606. roes, 263. tee Prayer. Brihaspati = the Cloud- Burial of ashes of the the gift of Agni, 2, God, 481. dead, 407. 496 ; of the Asvins,

Brihat, great, important Bumouf, Prof. E. 520, 67 ; of the Maruts, 56; SAman, 606. 575. of Tvashtar, 88. Brihat-SAman, 235. Chitra, a liberal princ Brihatt, a Vedic metre, Calf, Agni, 219, 889, 418. 152. 263, 501, 577. Camels, 119, 123, 195, Chumuri, a fiend or sav- Buffalo a Cloud, 215. 196. age, 21, 557. Buffaloes, 119, 123, 176, Car = hymn or sacrifice, Chyayana, a son of Bhri- 292. 64, 810, 558. gu, 482. s Clouds, 138,226. Carpenter, 223, 380,525, Chyavftna, a proUg4 of Bull, strong, mighty one, 563. the Asvins, 68, 71, 487, hero, Agni, 5, 7, 155, Cask == cloud, 382. 465, 466. 219, 385-387, 889, 410, Castes, the four, 519. Circumambulation. 412. 567, 607, 608. Castles, 19, 21, 23, 28, 94, Clay, house of c=grave,85. Indra, 22, 51, 122, 106, 249. Cleanser, Potar, one of 149, 172, 173, 207, 848, Cattle « rays of light, 40, the priests, 15,384,|521. 372,375,378,418,421, 74, 76, 86, 110, 246, Clouds « trees, 488. 436, 441, 448, 450, 523, 361, 478, 556. Coiebrooke,391, 507,518, 536, 543, 645, 654, 560, Cattle-raiders, 264. 520, 572, 576, 577. 576, 593. Cattle-stealing, 223. Coleridge, 308. ^— - Par janya, 40, 95,96. Centre of earth, the altar. Consorts of the Qods,