she holding two votes, one for the death, the other for the preservation of her children,
Hebrew / Jewish
Septuagint (Greek Old Testament)
4 Maccabees
did not lean to that which would have saved her children for the safety of a brief space.
But this daughter of Abraham remembered his holy fortitude.
O mother of a nation, avenger of the law, and defender of religion, and prime bearer in the battle of the affections!
O thou nobler in endurance than males, and more manly than men in patience!
For as the ark of Noah, bearing the world in the world-filling flood, bore up against the waves,
so thou, the guardian of the law, when surrounded on every side by the flood of passions, and straitened by violent storms which were the torments of thy children, didst bear up nobly against the storms against religion.
If, then, even a woman, and that an aged one, and the mother of seven children, endured to see her children's torments even unto death, confessedly religious reasoning is master even of the passions.
I have proved, then, that not only men have obtained the mastery of their passions, but also that a woman despised the greatest torments.
And not so fierce were the lions round Daniel, nor the furnace of Misael burning with most vehement fire, as that natural love of children burned within her, when she beheld her seven sons tortured.
But with the reasoning of religion the mother quenched passions so great and powerful.
For we must consider also this: that, had the woman been faint-hearted, as being their mother, she would have lamented over them; and perhaps might have spoken thus:
Ah! wretched I, and many times miserable; who having born seven sons, have become the mother of none.
O seven useless childbirths, and seven profitless periods of labour, and fruitless givings of suck, and miserable nursings at the breast.
Vainly, for your sakes, O sons, have I endured many pangs, and the more difficult anxieties of rearing.
Alas, of my children, some of you unmarried, and some who have married to no profit, I shall not see your children, nor be felicitated as a grandmother.
Ah, that I who had many and fair children, should be a lone widow full of sorrows!
Nor, should I die, shall I have a son to bury me. But with such a lament as this the holy and God-fearing mother bewailed none of them.
Nor did she divert any of them from death, nor grieve for them as for the dead.
But as one possessed with an adamantine mind, and as one bringing forth again her full number of sons to immortality, she rather with supplications exhorted them to death in behalf of religion.
O woman, soldier of God for religion, thou, aged and a female, hast conquered through endurance even a tyrant; and though but weak, hast been found more powerful in deeds and words.
For when thou wast seized along with thy children, thou stoodest looking upon Eleazar in torments, and saidst to thy sons in the Hebrew tongue,
O sons, noble is the contest; to which you being called as a witness for the nation, strive zealously for the laws of your country.
For it were disgraceful that this old man should endure pains for the sake of righteousness, and that you who are younger should be afraid of the tortures.
Remember that through God ye obtained existence, and have enjoyed it.
And on this account ye ought to bear every affliction because of God.
For whom also our father Abraham was forward to sacrifice Isaac our progenitor, and shuddered not at the sight of his own paternal hand descending down with the sword upon him.
And the righteous Daniel was cast unto the lions; and Ananias, and Azarias, and Misael, were slung out into a furnace of fire; yet they endured through God.
You, then, having the same faith towards God, be not troubled.
For it is unreasonable that they who know religion should not stand up against troubles.
With these arguments, the mother of seven, exhorting each of her sons, over-persuaded them from transgressing the commandment of God.
And they saw this, too, that they who die for God, live to God; as Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the patriarchs.
And some of the spearbearers said, that when she herself was about to be seized for the purpose of being put to death, she threw herself upon the pile, rather than that they should touch her person.
O thou mother, who together with seven children didst destroy the violence of the tyrant, and render void his wicked intentions, and exhibit the nobleness of faith!
For thou, as a house bravely built upon the pillar of thy children, didst bear without swaying, the shock of tortures.
Be of good cheer, therefore, O holy-minded mother! holding the firm [substance of the] hope of your steadfastness with God.
Not so gracious does the moon appear with the stars in heaven, as thou art established honourable before God, and fixed in the firmament with thy sons whom thou didst illuminate with religion to the stars.
For thy bearing of children was after the fashion of a child of Abraham.
And, were it lawful for us to paint as on a tablet the religion of thy story, the spectators would not shudder at beholding the mother of seven children enduring for the sake of religion various tortures even unto death.
And it had been a worthy thing to have inscribed upon the tomb itself these words as a memorial to those of the nation,
Here an aged priest, and an aged woman, and seven sons, are buried through the violence of a tyrant, who wished to destroy the polity of the Hebrews.
These also avenged their nation, looking unto God, and enduring torments unto death.
For it was a truly divine contest which was carried through by them.
For at that time virtue presided over the contest, approving the victory through endurance, namely, immortality, eternal life.
Eleazar was the first to contend: and the mother of the seven children entered the contest; and the brethren contended.
The tyrant was the opposite; and the world and living men were the spectators.
And reverence for God conquered, and crowned her own athletes.
Who did not admire those champions of true legislation? who were not astonied?
The tyrant himself, and all their council, admired their endurance;
through which, also, they now stand beside the divine throne, and live a blessed life.
For Moses saith, And all the saints are under thy hands.
These, therefore, having been sanctified through God, have been honoured not only with this honour, but that also by their means the enemy did not overcome our nation;
and that the tyrant was punished, and their country purified.
For they became the antipoise to the sin of the nation; and the Divine Providence saved Israel, aforetime afflicted, by the blood of those pious ones, and their propitiatory death.
For the tyrant Antiochus, looking to their manly virtue, and to their endurance in torture, proclaimed that endurance as an example to his soldiers.
And they proved to be to him noble and brave for land battles and sieges; and he conquered and stormed the towns of all his enemies.
O Israelitish children, descendants of the seed of Abraham, obey this law, and in every way be religious.
Knowing that religious reasoning is lord of the passions, and those not only inward but outward.
Whence those persons giving up their bodies to pains for the sake of religion, were not only admired by men, but were deemed worthy of a divine portion.
And the nation through them obtained peace, and having renewed the observance of the law in their country, drove the enemy out of the land.
And the tyrant Antiochus was both punished upon earth, and is punished now he is dead; for when he was quite unable to compel the Israelites to adopt foreign customs, and to desert the manner of life of their fathers,
then, departing from Jerusalem, he made war against the Persians.
And the righteous mother of the seven children spake also as follows to her offspring: I was a pure virgin, and went not beyond my father's house; but I took care of the built-up rib.
No destroyer of the desert, [or] ravisher of the plain, injured me; nor did the destructive, deceitful, snake, make spoil of my chaste virginity; and I remained with my husband during the period of my prime.
And these my children, having arrived at maturity, their father died: blessed was he! for having sought out a life of fertility in children, he was not grieved with a period of loss of children.
And he used to teach you, when yet with you, the law and the prophets.
He used to read to you the slaying of Abel by Cain, and the offering up of Isaac, and the imprisonment of Joseph.
And he used to tell you of the zealous Phinehas; and informed you of Ananias and Azarias, and Misael in the fire.
And he used to glorify Daniel, who was in the den of lions, and pronounce him blessed.
And he used to put you in mind of the scripture of Esaias, which saith, Even if thou pass through the fire, it shall not burn thee.
He chanted to you David, the hymn-writer, who saith, Many are the afflictions of the just.
He declared the proverbs of Solomon, who saith, He is a tree of life to all those who do His will.
He used to verify Ezekiel, who said, Shall these dry bones live?
For he did not forget the song which Moses taught, proclaiming, I will kill, and I will make to live.
This is our life, and the length of our days.
O that bitter, and yet not bitter, day when the bitter tyrant of the Greeks, quenching fire with fire in his cruel caldrons, brought with boiling rage the seven sons of the daughter of Abraham to the catapelt, and to all his torments!
He pierced the balls of their eyes, and cut out their tongues, and put them to death with varied tortures.
Wherefore divine retribution pursued and will pursue the pestilent wretch.
But the children of Abraham, with their victorious mother, are assembled together to the choir of their fathers; having received pure and immortal souls from God.
To whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.
Daniel
In the third year of the reign of Joakim king of Juda, came Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon to Jerusalem, and besieged it.
And the Lord gave into his hand Joakim king of Juda, and part of the vessels of the house of God: and he brought them into the land of Sennaar to the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure-house of his god.
And the king told Asphanez his chief eunuch, to bring in [some] of the captive children of Israel, and of the seed of the kingdom, and of the princes;
young men in whom was no blemish, and beautiful in appearance, and skilled in all wisdom, and possessing knowledge, and acquainted with prudence, and who had ability to stand in the house before the king, and [the king gave commandment] to teach them the learning and language of the Chaldeans.
And the king appointed them a daily portion from the king's table, and from the wine which he drank; and [gave orders] to nourish them three years, and [that] afterwards they should stand before the king.
Now these were among them of the children of Juda, Daniel, and Ananias, and Azarias, and Misael.
And the chief of the eunuchs gave them names: to Daniel, Baltasar; and to Ananias, Sedrach; and to Misael, Misach; and to Azarias, Abdenago.
And Daniel purposed in his heart, that he would not defile himself with the king's table, nor with the wine of his drink: and he intreated the chief of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.
Now God [had] brought Daniel into favour and compassion with the chief of the eunuchs.
And the chief of the eunuchs said to Daniel, I fear my lord the king, who has appointed your meat and your drink, lest he see your countenances gloomy in comparison of the young men your equals; so shall ye endanger my head to the king.
And Daniel said to Amelsad, whom the chief of the eunuchs had appointed over Daniel, Ananias, Misael, [and] Azarias,
Prove now thy servants ten days; and let them give us pulse, and let us eat, and let us drink water:
and let our countenances be seen by thee, and the countenances of the children that eat [at] the king's table; and deal with thy servants according as thou shalt see.
And he hearkened to them, and proved them ten days.
And at the end of the ten days their countenances appeared fairer and stouter in flesh than the children that fed at the king's table.
So Amelsad took away their supper and the wine of their drink, and gave them pulse.
And [as for] these four children, God gave them understanding and prudence in all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams.
And at the end of the days, [after] which the king had given orders to bring them in, then the chief of the eunuchs brought them in before Nabuchodonosor.
And the king spoke with them; and there were not found out of them all any like Daniel, and Ananias, and Misael, and Azarias: and they stood before the king.
And in every matter of wisdom and knowledge wherein the king questioned them, he found them ten times wiser than all the enchanters and sorcerers that were in all his kingdom.